The front part of the eye is exposed to the surface of the body, making it susceptible to injury. Blunt eye injuries often destroy the tissue structure in the anterior part of the eye. Often there is detachment of the iris root, separation of the ciliary body, the angle of retraction of the chamber, and complete dislocation or subluxation of the lens. Ordinary ocular ultrasound can penetrate into opaque tissue, but because of its low resolution, it can only show its outline, which is still very small for doctors in assisting diagnosis. Ultrasonic biomicroscopy is a very real-time analysis, will not be affected by the refraction space, and has great application value for ocular trauma. Based on this, this article proposes the ultrasound biomicroscope diagnosis analysis and fine nursing research of traumatic anterior chamber injury based on intelligent virtual reality technology. This article describes literature methods, experimental analysis methods, and other methods, in-depth study of the causes of traumatic anterior injuries, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and other theoretical knowledge, ultrasound biomicroscopy and microcontrol experiments for traumatic anterior injury design, and finally the causes of eye damage. This study compares the pairing results of ultrasound biomicroscopy biological measurements, analyzes the relationship between anterior bleeding level and anterior ocular injury, and analyzes the outcome and extent of service ophthalmology. The angle retreat accounted for 52.17% in grade I, 72.22% in grade II, and 60% in grade III. Anterior bleeding can cause single or complex iris root detachment, iris root detachment, ciliary body detachment, and angular leakage. The more the bleeding, the more serious the eye damage.
Eye trauma is an injury that penetrates the entire eye wall due to trauma. It is one of the common eye emergencies. Compared to closed eye trauma, the prognosis of vision is worse and the risk of visual impairment is higher, which can lead to permanent blindness or loss of vision. It is a serious threat to the vision health of the general population, leading to the loss of labor and the increase of medical expenses, and it brings a heavy economic burden to people’s lives and social development.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy is capable of penetrating turbid refractive tissue, iris and hard nuclear tissue, making the pathological changes behind it more evident, making it suitable for observing the anterior eye with a blurry refractive medium in the early stages of injury. Ultrasound biomicroscope has an intuitive structure observation effect, can provide accurate data, and has important clinical value in guiding surgery.
Kaykcolu et al. introduced that a common feature of the six cases is the vitrectomy eye. Four cases were sutured for intraocular lens (IOL) implantation due to complex cataract surgery, one case was combined with retinal detachment surgery and IOL suture, and one case received vitrectomy and simple cataract surgery for the treatment of diabetic vitreous bleeding. In all cases, the migration of the anterior chamber implants will cause corneal edema, and in three cases it will cause an increase in intraocular pressure. In both cases, after the dexamethasone implant is maximized to dilate the pupil and the cornea is operated with a cotton swab applicator, it is inserted into the vitreous cavity and the patient is placed in the reverse position of the supine position. There were no other complications until the dexamethasone implant was degraded, and the cornea was clear on the final examination. In both cases, the implant was removed from the anterior chamber by suction, but due to endothelial cell loss and persistent keratotomy, a corneal transplant was planned. However, the surgical process is more complicated, and the recovery rate remains to be investigated [
This article mainly studies the ultrasound biomicroscope diagnosis analysis and fine care of traumatic anterior chamber injury based on intelligent virtual reality technology. Firstly, it discusses the concept, pathogenesis, ultrasound biomicroscope, and other theories of traumatic anterior chamber hemorrhage. Ultrasonic image registration algorithm includes Roberts operator and Canny edge detection. Based on this, correlation experiments and nursing research were designed, and diagnosis result analysis and nursing result analysis were performed. The innovation in this article is to make the most of existing advanced technology combined with an ultrasound biomicroscopy to aid in the treatment and diagnosis of traumatic anterior injuries.
In ocular trauma, eye contusion is more common. Eye contusion has its unique characteristics. From the blunt force on the eyeball to the release of the force, the entire eyeball content has undergone a process of compression and expansion [
In the anterior segment of the eye, the cornea and lens have no blood vessels, but the iris and ciliary body not only are rich in blood vessels, but also have very thin structures [
The absorption pathway of hemorrhage is mainly through the following: (l) Red blood cells are discharged outside the eye through the aqueous humor drainage of the anterior chamber angle: check the width of the anterior chamber angle, the drainage structure of the house (including the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm catheter, and outer collecting liquid pipe), and whether its function is normal. The diameter of the test tissue network observed with an electron microscope is 1.5–4.0
Anterior chamber hemorrhage is more common in eye trauma, accounting for about 25% of eye trauma. William divided the anterior chamber hemorrhage into 3 levels [
Eye injuries caused by blunt instruments often lead to injuries in front of the eyes. In most cases, the root of the iris falls off, the ciliary body separates, the angle of the chamber recedes, and the lens is completely dislocated or overflowing [
The birth of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in 1990 was a major advance in the history of ultrasound. Using a frequency much higher than that of the traditional B-ultrasound probe, 40–100 MHz high-frequency probe for detection, the tissue resolution is increased to 50 pm, and its resolution is more than 10 times that of the current A-ultrasound and B-ultrasound imagers. The scanning depth can reach 4 cm, which can clearly show the anatomical structure of the anterior segment of the eye, which is of great help to the diagnosis of anterior eye lesions. And the repeatability of multiple detections is high. As a non-invasive high-precision anterior eye imaging technology, it provides a new inspection method to understand the structure and clinical diagnosis of the biological anterior eye and provides a new basis for clinical treatment [
Ultrasonic biomicroscopy can clearly observe the damage and attachment of the angle, the posterior cavity, and the ciliary body. These are the shortcomings of the previous inspection. In the case of contact lenses, the horror of the iris is invisible under a mitotic lamp microscope, and it is easy to be considered as a primary cataract or misdiagnosed. It is difficult to determine the cause during surgery, and lens dislocation and vitreous lesions may also occur. Temporarily change the surgical method, making the operation very passive. Under the ultrasound biomicroscope, the distance between the edge of the lens and the radiation process can be measured, and the secondary shift of the lens that cannot be detected by other methods can be seen to quantify the diagnosis. Correctly measuring the deviation of the lens, you can clearly know the radius. Regardless of whether there is excitement or contact, it is very important for judging the prognosis and determining the surgical method. If small foreign bodies remain in the irradiated body, it is difficult to determine the cause of primary hemorrhage. In the past, it was difficult to diagnose secondary anterior chamber hemorrhage using ultrasound and eyeliner in ophthalmology. Ultrasonic biological microscope can find foreign objects more easily and accurately, which is very useful for guiding surgery. Figure
Ultrasound biomicroscope.
Virtual reality, referred to as VR technology in English, focuses on the virtual environment it creates. At the time, this meant “the three-dimensional interactive environment created by the computer that users can enter into this environment while in use.” Jaron Lanier proposed a virtual reality term with many similar concepts. With the introduction of “artificial reality” (AR), many 3D helmet technologies that simulate artificial reality are used. It was pioneered by Evans Sutherland in 1968. The American novelist William Gibson proposed another term, “cyberspace,” in 1984. This refers to the artificial reality that he can experience in the world at the same time, and it also includes artificial environments, synthetic environments, and virtual environments.
There is currently no strict definition of virtual reality technology, but its technical content can be summarized as follows: the so-called virtual reality technology is the use of computer and electronic technology to create a realistic three-dimensional sensor display, hearing, touch, power, and other environments, forming a virtual world. Through special interactive devices (special glasses, helmets, gloves, environmental sensors, etc.), users can use human physical skills to investigate or manipulate objects in the virtual world based on their emotions, or participate in activities, immersing the participants in the simulated environment. Although it is not the environment we are in, it is a “real” three-dimensional environment just like that around us. The most important goal is practical experience and convenient human-computer interaction. A system that achieves or partially achieves such a goal is called a virtual reality system.
The advantages of the template matching method are being simple and easy to implement, high precision, high reliability, and strong anti-interference ability. With the increase of standard matching images, the amount of calculation will also increase sharply. It is difficult to meet real-time requirements. In standard comparison, the gray scale of the image is usually selected as a design function. The correlation function between
Based on the Fourier transform phase mapping algorithm, the image is converted from the space field to the frequency domain, and the image is recorded according to the Fourier transform conversion principle
Then, they should satisfy the Fourier transform
In other words, the frequency field width of the two images is the same. The phase difference between them can be expressed as the cross power spectrum phase (cross power spectrum):
Here, ∗ is the complex conjugate operator. Inverse Fourier transform is performed on the phase of the cross power spectrum; that is, the maximum value of the impact function is obtained at the displacement.
The first U0 image also needs to be sampled between columns to obtain the filtered high-level U1 image. Here, the image value of the level U1 is the corresponding upper level image, and the level U0 corresponds to the weighted average conversion area of 5 × 5 pixels. Repeat a series of filtered low-pass U0, …, Un images, a series of filtered slow path images. The pixels of the level image are defined as follows:
Next, the level of the filtered area image obtained by calculating the difference between the images after the 2-level Gaussian filtering process is used to construct the Laplacian pyramid. Therefore, low-resolution images must be enlarged to the same size as high-resolution images. Use TK to represent the kth level of the pyramid; then
The images to be spliced are decomposed by Laplacian pyramid to obtain LA and LB, respectively, and LA and LB can be synthesized according to certain principles to obtain the fused image pyramid LC. The LC is expanded and superimposed to obtain the final spliced image.
Edge detection can eliminate the influence of image distortion, can improve the detection speed, and is a good choice for feature space. Commonly used edge detection algorithms are Roberts, Sobel, Canny, and other algorithms.
The Roberts operator is called the Roberts controller of the mutual classification operator, which is composed of two benchmarks of 2 × 2. Assuming that (
Its gradient size is
Among them, the convolution template of
After calculating the image from the above two convolution templates, according to equation (
The Canny sharpening detection algorithm is an optimized approximation operator for multiplying the signal-to-noise ratio and position accuracy. The Canny algorithm first smoothes the image using the first derivative of a two-dimensional Gaussian function. The Gaussian two-dimensional function is
Convolve
Calculate the gradient intensity and direction of each pixel (
Using the separability of Gaussian function, the two filtering convolution templates of ∇
The discrete two-dimensional zero-mean Gaussian function is
In this study, a total of 89 patients who were admitted to hospital Y from July 2018 to May 2019 who were admitted to hospital due to closed eye trauma were selected. According to the order of admission, they were randomly divided into 56 cases in the experimental group and 33 cases in the control group. The diagnosis method of the experimental group was performed with an ultrasound biomicroscope based on intelligent virtual reality technology, and the control group was performed with a traditional B-ultrasound method. The patient’s age information is shown in Table
Age distribution of all patients.
Generation | Number of people | Percentage |
---|---|---|
<20 | 5 | 3.38 |
20–29 | 14 | 16.62 |
30–39 | 26 | 35.58 |
40–49 | 18 | 22.14 |
50–59 | 7 | 4.42 |
≥60 | 9 | 5.56 |
They were as follows: no history of primary cataract, history of other eye diseases, or history of eye surgery; eye trauma, mainly external eye muscle damage or eye socket damage, external intraocular pressure, roof angle, and field of view not controlled by ultrasound biomicroscopy, everything being normal.
They were as follows: history of ocular trauma; increased intraocular pressure after injury; intraocular pressure >21 mmHg.
Equipment: ultrasonic biological microscope produced by Z company, SW-3200 type, frequency 50 MHz, scanning depth and width 5 mm ∗ 5 mm. Ultrasound Optical B-Ultrasonic is manufactured by X Designer with a frequency of 10 MHz, a detection depth of 40/60 mm, a CT analysis of 0.12 mm, and a horizontal 0.3 mm.
The abovementioned subjects were all examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy, and they were all performed by the same doctor under the same conditions. The specific methods are as follows: Before the examination, the examination is non-surgical. In order to eliminate the fear, explain to the patient that there is less pain, and show the methods of eye movement and vision to promote the cooperation of the examination. Sedatives can be given to sensitive patients or young patients, such as oral aquatic plants and other intramuscular injections. General anesthesia can be used as needed. If it is a patient with a ruptured cornea and the damage to the cornea cannot be cured, contact lens protection can be guaranteed. The patient is positioned in the subdural position, the local anesthetic is dripped into the conjunctival sac, and a special eye mask suitable for the size of the vertebral body fracture is selected. After sufficient anesthesia, a special eye mask is placed in the conjunctival sac. The patient’s instruction was to inject the miso mixture into the eye cup after looking up at the roof with both eyes. According to the needs of the inspection, rotate the eyeball at a specific position to make it still, so that the probe is perpendicular to the part of the inspection object. First, rotate the probe vertically to the center of the student, scan along the points and points of the cornea, and take out each image. Then, look down at the patient, place the detector at the end point, at which point the vertical axis is perpendicular to the cut-off level of the bulb surface, scan along the edge direction, and instruct to collect images at this point. Continue to use the above method to obtain images of dots, dots, and dots on the right. Individual inspections are performed on special injured parts or very suspicious parts. Finally, take out the eye cup, drip in antibiotic eye drops, and end the inspection. Carry out fine care after the examination.
All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (
From Table
Analysis of the causes of injury to the front of the eye.
Injury | Number of people | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Fist wound | 22 | 41.32 |
Ball injury | 15 | 35.68 |
Stick wound | 14 | 34.66 |
Stone damage | 13 | 31.28 |
Slingshot and toy damage | 5 | 9.98 |
Foreign body piercing injury | 7 | 13.22 |
Sharp weapon stab | 8 | 13.34 |
Firecracker detonator wound | 3 | 5.56 |
Analysis of the causes of injury to the front of the eye.
It can be seen from Table
Comparison of paired
Grouping/index | ACD (mm) | AOD (mm) | CBT (mm) | CPT (mm) | TCPD (mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | 2.558 | 0.186 | 30.192 | 1.318 | 0.219 | 0.986 |
Test group | 3.318 | 0.277 | 28.513 | 1.368 | 0.319 | 0.956 |
Healthy eyes | 3.290 | 2.319 | 25.463 | 1.225 | 0.228 | 0.875 |
Affected eye | 2.668 | 0.395 | 16.852 | 1.049 | 0.159 | 0.689 |
2.085 | 3.289 | 8.673 | 4.459 | 5.815 | 4.562 | |
0.046 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Comparison of paired
The comparison of visual acuity between the experimental group and the control group can be seen in Table
Comparison of vision between the two groups of patients before admission.
Vision | Test group | Control group | X2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light-sensitive | Number of cases | 7 | 5 | 0.136 | 0.722 |
Percentage | 25.02 | 20.83 | |||
Manual-0.04 | Number of cases | 15 | 12 | 0.067 | 0.797 |
Percentage | 53.58 | 50.06 | |||
0.05–0.25 | Number of cases | 6 | 5 | 0.075 | 0.784 |
Percentage | 17.68 | 20.84 | |||
0.3–0.5 | Number of cases | 1 | 2 | 0.029 | 0.892 |
Percentage | 3.58 | 8.34 |
Comparison of vision between the two groups of patients before admission.
It can be seen from Table
The amount (grade) of anterior chamber hemorrhage and the injury of the anterior segment of the eye.
Level | Broken iris root | Angle retreat | Ciliary body detachment | Corner leak |
---|---|---|---|---|
I level | 4 (8.70) | 24 (52.17) | 22 (45.65) | 2 (2.17) |
II level | 5 (27.78) | 14 (72.22) | 6 (27.78) | 3 (11.11) |
III level | 4 (20.0) | 9 (60.0) | 13 (80.0) | 5 (26.67) |
The amount (grade) of anterior chamber hemorrhage and the injury of the anterior segment of the eye.
It can be seen from Table
Patient’s improvement after care.
Nursing time/treatment effect | Cure | Significantly effective | Effective | Invalid | Total effective rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 week | 2.34 | 9.12 | 17.05 | 1.34 | 75.02 |
1–3 weeks | 6.71 | 31.04 | 58.63 | 3.45 | 88.76 |
>1 month | 1.22 | 5.24 | 15.34 | 7.69 | 95.72 |
1–3 months | 3.58 | 17.86 | 53.58 | 25.01 | 96.56 |
Patient’s improvement after care.
It can be seen from Table
Satisfaction evaluation of service attitude.
Project | Very dissatisfied | Dissatisfied | General | Satisfaction | Very satisfied |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attitude of sitting doctor | 3.58 | 2.16 | 36.55 | 44.29 | 5.58 |
Nurses’ attitudes towards patients | 2.22 | 4.52 | 46.58 | 40.12 | 6.62 |
Working attitude of nurses in nursing | 4.13 | 6.78 | 38.72 | 43.15 | 6.34 |
Service attitude of assistant department staff | 5.16 | 3.14 | 46.58 | 40.19 | 5.98 |
Satisfaction evaluation of service attitude.
In Table
Rating nursing work service.
Project | Service attitude of toll staff | Attitude of sitting doctor | Nurses’ attitudes towards patients | Working attitude of nurses in nursing | Service attitude of assistant department staff | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average score | 3.96 | 3.99 | 3.25 | 3.68 | 3.82 | 3.68 |
Standard deviation | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.55 | 0.72 |
2.13 | −1.48 | 2.42 | 2.48 | 1.25 | 2.46 | |
0.001 | >0.05 | 0.001 | 0.001 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
Rating nursing work service.
This article mainly studies ultrasound biomicroscopy diagnostic analysis and micromanagement of traumatic anterior injuries based on intelligent virtual reality technology. Ultrasound biomicroscopy has very good application value in ocular trauma. It plays a unique role in the diagnosis of anterior eye disease, etiological investigation, treatment plan design, and postoperative monitoring. This offers an unprecedented new approach. However, this method also has disadvantages such as increasing the depth of penetration by changing the frequency of the detector, or the inability to observe the relationship between the entire lens and the inhibitor, making it unsuitable for lens and lens studies. The current application should be greatly popularized, and the application of surgical techniques and lesion identification should be developed and promoted.
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
The author declares that they have no conflicts of interest.