Journal of Mathematics
Volume 2019 (2019), Article ID 9456167, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9456167

Research Article

Strong Law of Large Numbers of Pettis-Integrable Multifunctions

Hamid Oulghazi and Fatima Ezzaki

Modeling and Scientific Computing Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Department of mathematics, Road Dimmouzer B.P.2202, Fes, Morocco

Correspondence should be addressed to Hamid Oulghazi; hamid.oulghazi@usmba.ac.ma

Received 11 February 2019; Accepted 26 March 2019; Published 15 April 2019

Academic Editor: Tepper L Gill

Copyright © 2019 Hamid Oulghazi and Fatima Ezzaki. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

Using reversed martingale techniques, we prove the strong law of large numbres for independent Pettis-integrable multifunctions with convex weakly compact values in a Banach space. The Mosco convergence of reversed Pettis-integrable martingale of the form , where is a decreasing sequence of the sub -algebra of is provided.

1. Introduction

The strong law of large numbers (SLLN) is used in a variety of fields including statistics, probability theory, and areas of economics and insurance. In recent years, SLLN has been extensively studied by several researchers. Let us mention Artstein and Hart [1], Castaing and Ezzaki [2], Etemadi [3], Ezzaki [4], Hess [5], and Hiai [6].

In the theory of integration in infinite-dimensional spaces, Pettis-integrability is a more general concept than that of Bochner-integrability. The purpose of this paper is to prove the SLLN for measurable and Pettis-integrable multifunctions by using the techniques of reversed martingale. The proof is based on the recent properties of Pettis-integrable multifunctions. See for example Akhiat et al. [7], Chowdhury [8], El Amri and Hess [9], Geitz et al. [10], Thobie and Satco [11], and Musial [12].

The paper is organized as follows.

In Section 2, we recall some definitions and results that will be used after. In Section 3, we prove the SLLN for Pettis-integrable multifunctions with convex weakly compact values.

2. Notations and Definitions

Throughout this paper, we assume that is a complete probability space and is a decreasing sequence of sub--algebra of , such that . is a separable Banach space with the dual space .

Let be a dense sequence in with respect to the Mackey topology , (resp., ), and the closed unit ball of (resp., ). Let (resp., ) be the family of all nonempty convex and closed (resp., convex weakly compact) subsets of .

Given in , the distance function and the support function associated with are defined by

For any in , we get

A -valued sequence is called Mosco convergent to a closed convex set if , where

If Mosco converges to in , we write

A measurable function is Pettis-integrable, if is scalarly integrable

(i. e. is integrable), and, for each , there exists in , such that

is called the Pettis-integral of over . We will denote by the space of all measurable and Pettis-integrable -valued function defined on . We consider the space provided with the following topologies.

(i) The topology of the usual Pettis norm is as follows:

(ii) The topology is induced by the duality Recall that a sequence in converges to in this topology, if, for each and for all , one has

This topology is known as the weak topology and is denoted by -.

A multifunction is said to be measurable, if for every open set of the subset is an element of . The Effros -field on is generated by the subsets , so is measurable if, for any , one has .

Two measurable multifunctions and are said to be equal scalarly almost surely, if the following equality holds:

For any convex and weakly compact measurable multifunction , the measurability of is equivalent to that of its support functional . (See [13].)

The tribe trace of on is defined by the set and is denoted by .

A measurable function is said to be a selection of , if, for any , . We denote by the set of all measurable selection of . It is known that a convex and closed valued multifunction in separable Banach space is measurable if and has a Castaing representation (i.e., there exists a sequence of measurable selections of such that for all , .

The distribution of the measurable multifunction on the measurable space is defined by

Two measurable multifunctions and are said to be independent, if the following equality holds:

The measurable multifunction is scalarly integrable, if, for any , the real function is integrable.

We say that the measurable multifunction is Pettis-integrable, if it is scalarly integrable and, for each , there exists such that

is called the Pettis-integral of over . Let be the set of all -measurable and Pettis-integrable selections of .

The multivalued Pettis-integral of a -valued multifunction is defined by

and is convex and compact and, for each , we have

We will denote by the set of all Pettis-integrable -valued multifunctions.

Given a sub -algebra and a -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction, the Pettis conditional expectation of with respect to is a -measurable -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction denoted by which satisfies

The two following propositions (see [7]) give a sufficient condition of the existence of the conditional expectation for a Pettis integrable -valued function and for a -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction.

Proposition 1. Assume that is separable. Let be a sub -algebra of and let be a Pettis-integrable -valued function such that Then, there exists a unique -measurable Pettis-integrable -valued function denote by , which enjoys the following property; for every , one has

Proposition 2. Assume that is separable. Let be a sub--algebra of and let be a -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction such that Then, there exists a unique -measurable -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction, which enjoys the following property; for every , one has

Akhiat et al. [14] extended the previous theorem in a -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction.

We close this section by the following useful corollaries.

Corollary 3 (see [15]). Let be a decreasing sequence of a sub--algebra of and let ; set . Then,

Corollary 4. Let be a sub--algebra of and let be a -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction such that Then, for all , the following properties hold:

(1) almost surely.(2) almost surely.

Proof. (1) Let and be a dense sequence in with respect to the Mackey topology ,

 then

 so

 and hence

 We conclude that

For any , we have , then, by Proposition 2, we have . Since is a Pettis-integrable multifunction,

 And hence by uniqueness of the conditional expectation of , we obtain

3. Strong Law of Large Numbers for Pettis-Integrable Multifunctions

Our first result is the following theorem.

Theorem 5. Let be a decreasing sequence of sub--algebras of and set . Let be a separable Banach space and such that . Then

Proof. Since , so, by Proposition 1, we have that exists and is in and provides a -measurable partition of such that (see [14]). Using Corollary 3, we obtain

As , for every and for every , then

On the other hand,

Therefore,

Let us prove the following results which will be used after.

Proposition 6. Assume that is separable. Let X and Y be two -valued Pettis-integrable multifunctions and be a sub--algebra of such that and . Then

Proof. Let be a dense sequence in with respect to the Mackey topology . Since and are -valued Pettis-integrable multifunctions, then, for any in , there exist two sets and in , such that for all and
By Theorem 5.1.6 in [8], is -valued Pettis-integrable multifunction, then, for any in , there exists a set in such that

On the other hand,

Then
Therefore,

On the other hand,

By (31),

then

and therefore

Theorem 7. Let and be in ; let be a random variable with values in a measurable space such that and have the same distribution. If and Then

Proof. Since is Pettis-integrable with values in , . So by [11], there exists selection Pettis-integrable of , -measurable such that

Let be a fixed element in , , and . Then, by Doob’s factorisation lemma, we can find a -measurable mapping from into (i.e., and a -measurable function from into (i.e., , which satisfy

On the other hand,

And

By using the application

And by the classical transfer theorem, we have

Then

By combining relation (39), (43) and the fact that , we obtain

Then

In particular, if , for any , we have

then

and therefore

And hence, by uniqueness of the conditional expectation of relative to ,

Before giving the principal result, we also need the following classical theorem (see p. 52 in [16]).

Theorem 8. Let and be two sub--algebras of , is a -algebra generated by and , and let an integrable real measurable function. If and are independent of , then

Now, we give the main result of this work.

Theorem 9. Assume that is separable. Let be a sequence of independent measurable multifunctions in
Let , , and assume that

(i), and have the same distribution.(ii), .

Then, we have the following assertions:

(1), (2)(3)

Proof. The first equality follows from the Theorem 7.
Now let us prove the second equality. Let be a dense sequence in for the Mackey topology. Set , and .
Since and are independent of , and are independent of , then, by applying the Theorem 8, we have

So, , then, by using Corollary 4, we obtain

and since and are convex and weakly compact, then

(i) Now, we show the last assertion.
Step 1. We claim that
We have , so, by Proposition 6 and the first and the second assertions of the theorem, we obtain

Then

Step 2. We show that
(ii) We begin by proving that
Since is Pettis-integrable, then there exists Pettis-integrable selection of such that

On the other hand , then exists and is in . Let ; by Corollary 4, exists and a. s.
Using Theorem 5, we have a.s.
Since by [17]

Then and by (56),
Then

(iii) Now, we show that
Let be a dense sequence in for the Mackey topology; we have

then, by Corollary 3,

Hence, there exists a negligible set ; for all and for every , we have

So, for all and for all ,

Let and , then there exists in such that , which implies
Then

Consequently, , then

This yields

Corollary 10. Under the same hypothesis of Theorem 9, we have

Proof. By the previous theorem, we need only to check that

Since is convex and weakly compact. Now let be a dense sequence in for the Mackey topology; we have

On the other hand, is a Pettis reversed martingale, so, for each positive integer , set, and . Hence, for all any , the multifunction is -measurable. Moreover, by the previous theorem, we have

Then

Since, for every fixed positive integer , we have
Then by (70)

Since, for all fixed integer , the multifunction is -measurable and by (71) is -measurable and so is -measurable. Then by the independence of and the Kolmogorov’s Zero-One law (see [18]), we conclude that for all

Since and are -valued multifunctions and (72) is true for all , then
Therefore,

Data Availability

No data were used to support this study.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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