Controllability of Second-Order Semilinear Impulsive Stochastic Neutral Functional Evolution Equations

We consider a class of impulsive neutral second-order stochastic functional evolution equations. The Sadovskii fixed point theorem and the theory of strongly continuous cosine families of operators are used to investigate the sufficient conditions for the controllability of the system considered. An example is provided to illustrate our results.


Introduction
Controllability, as a fundamental concept of control theory, plays an important role both in stochastic and deterministic control problems.The study of controllability of linear and nonlinear systems represented by infinite-dimensional systems in Banach spaces has been raised by many authors recently, see Chang  Recently, stochastic partial differential equations SPDEs arise in the mathematical modeling of various fields in physics and engineering science cited by Sobczyk 14 .Among them, several properties of SPDEs such as existence, controllability, and stability are studied for the first-order equations.But in many situations, it is useful to investigate the secondorder abstract differential equations directly rather than to convert them to first-order systems introduced by Fitzgibbon 15 .The second-order stochastic differential equations are the right model in continuous time to account for integrated processes that can be made stationary.For instance, it is useful for engineers to model mechanical vibrations or charge on a capacitor or condenser subjected to white noise excitation by second-order stochastic differential equations.A useful tool for the study of abstract second-order equations is the fixed point theory and the theory of strongly continuous cosine families.
In the past decades, the theory of impulsive differential equations or inclusions is emerging as an active area of investigation due to the application in area such as mechanics, electrical engineering, medicine biology, and ecology, see Benchohra Fattorini 20 .As an adequate model, impulsive differential equations are used to study the evolution of processes that are subject to sudden changes in their states.
The focus of this paper is the controllability of mild solutions for a class of impulsive neutral second-order stochastic evolution equations of the form: k denote, respectively, the right and left limits of x at t k .f, B, g are appropriate mappings specified later; x 0 and y 0 are F 0 -measurable random variables with finite second moment.The main contributions are as follows.The Sadovskii fixed point theorem and the theory of strongly continuous cosine families of operators are used to investigate the sufficient conditions for the controllability of the system considered.The differences of using the fixed point theorem between our proposed method and others are that Sadovskii fixed point theorem is much easier in application, and the condition is easier to be satisfied than other fixed point theorem.To our best knowledge, there are few works about the controllability for mild solutions to second-order semilinear impulsive stochastic neutral functional evolution equations, motivated by the previous problems, our current consideration is on second-order semilinear impulsive stochastic neutral functional evolution equations.We will apply the Sadovskii fixed point theorem to investigate the controllability of mild solution of this class of equations.
The rest of this paper is arranged as follows.In Section 2, we briefly present some basic notations and preliminaries.Section 3 is devoted to the controllability of mild solutions for the system 1.1 and an example is given to illustrate our results in Section 4. Conclusion is given in Section 5.

Preliminaries
In this section, we briefly recall some basic definitions and results for stochastic equations in infinite dimensions and cosine families of operators.We refer to Prato and Zabczyk 19 and Fattorini 20 for more details.Throughout this paper, let L(K,H) be the set of all linear bounded operators from K into H, equipped with the usual operator norm • .Let Ω, F, P be a complete probability space furnished with a normal filtration{F t } t≥0 .Suppose {β k } k≥1 is a sequence of real independent one-dimensional standard Brownian motions over Ω, F, P .Set where {e k } k≥1 is the complete orthonormal system in K and λ k , k ≥ 1, a bounded sequence of nonnegative real numbers.Let Q ∈ L(K, K) be an operator defined by The collection of all strongly measurable, square-integrable H-valued random variables, denoted by , H , and there exists x t k for k 1, 2, . . ., n , , H , and there exists x t k for k 1, 2, . . ., n .

2.3
It is obvious that D 0, T , H and D 0, T , H are Banach spaces endowed with the norm x ℘ , respectively.To simplify the notations, we put t 0 0, t m 1 T , and for u H 2 , we denote by It is known that the infinitesimal generator A is a closed, densely defined operator on H, and the following properties hold, see Travis and Webb 21 .

Proposition 2.3. Suppose that A is the infinitesimal generator of a cosine family of operators {C t : t ∈ R}. Then, the following hold
i There exist a pair of constants M A ≥ 1 and α ≥ 0 such that C t ≤ M A e α|t| and hence, iii There exist N ≥ 1 such that S s − S r ≤ N| r s e α|s| ds|, for all 0 ≤ s ≤ r < ∞.
The uniform boundedness principle: as a direct consequence we see that both {C t : t ∈ 0, T } and {S t : t ∈ 0, T } are uniformly bounded by At the end of this section we recall the fixed point theorem of Sadovskii 22 which is used to estimate the controllability of the mild solution to the system 1.1 .
Lemma 2.4.Let Φ be a condensing operator on a Banach space H.If Φ N ⊂ N for a convex, closed, and bounded set N of H, then Φ has a fixed point in H.

Main Results
In this section we consider the system 1.1 .We first present the definition of mild solutions for the system.Definition 3.1.An F t − adapted stochastic process x t : 0, T → H is said to be a mild solution of the system 1.1 if 3 x t satisfies the following integral equation:

3.1
In this paper, we will work under the following assumptions.
A1 The cosine family of operators {C t : t ∈ 0, T } on H and the corresponding sine family {S t :t ∈ 0, T } are compact for t > 0, and there exists a positive constant M such that A2 D, f, g are continuous functions, and there exist some positive constants M D , M f , M g , such that D, f, g satisfy the following Lipschitz condition: for all ϕ, φ ∈ H, k 1, . . ., n and t ∈ 0, T , and there exist positive constants M D , M f , M g that satisfy the following linear growth condition: 3.4 for all ϕ, φ ∈ H, k 1, . . ., n and t ∈ 0, T .
A3 I k , I k : H → H are continuous and there exist positive constants M k , N k such that We formulate and prove conditions for the approximate controllability of semilinear control differential systems Theorem 3.2.Assume that (A1)-(A4) are satisfied and x 0 , y 0 ∈ L 2 0 Ω, H , then the system 1.1 is controllable on 0, T provided that

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
Proof.Define the control process with final value 3

3.9
Now let us show that π has a fixed point in H 2 which is a solution of 1.1 by Lemma 2.4.This will be done in the next lemmas.

Lemma 3.3.
There exists a positive integer N such that π B N ⊂ B N .
Proof.This proof can be done by contradiction.In fact, if it is not true, then for each positive number N and t N ∈ 0, T , there exists a function x N ∈ B N , but π x N t N / ∈ B N .That is, E π x N t N 2 > N. By applying assumptions A1 -A4 one can obtain the following estimates: where Dividing both sides of 3.16 by N and taking limit as N → ∞, we obtain that which is a contradiction by 3.7 .Thus, π B N ⊂ B N , for some positive number N.
In what follows, we aim to show that the operator π has a fixed point on B N , which implies that 1.1 is controllable.To this end, we decompose π as follows: where π 1 , π 2 are defined on B N , respectively, by  Proof.Let N > 0 be such that π 2 B N ⊂ B N .We first need to prove that the set of functions π 2 B N is equicontinuous on 0, T .Let 0 < ε < t < T and δ > 0 such that S s x − S s x 2 < ε and C s x − C s x 2 < ε, for every s, s ∈ 0, T with |s − s | ≤ δ.For x ∈ B N and 0 < |h| < δ with t h ∈ 0, T we have

3.24
Noting that E g s, s x s 2 ≤ h N s ∈ L 1 0, T , we see that π 2 B N is equicontinuous on 0, T .
We next need to prove that π 2 maps B N into a precompact set in B N .That is, for every fixed t ∈ 0, T , the set

3.25
Since C t , S t , t > 0, are compact, it follows that V ε t { π ε 2 x t : x ∈ B N } is precompact in H for every 0 < ε < t.Moreover, for each x ∈ B N , we have which means that there are precompact sets arbitrary close to the set V t .Thus, V t is precompact in B N .Finally, from the assumptions on g, it is obvious that π 2 is continuous.Thus, Arzelá-Ascoli theorem yields that π 2 is compact.Therefore, π is a condensing map on B N .

Applications
In this section, we now give an example to illustrate the theory obtained.Considering the following impulsive neutral second-order stochastic differential equation: Thus, we can impose some suitable conditions on the above functions to verify the condition in Theorem 3.2.

Conclusions
In this paper, we have studied the controllability of second-order impulsive evolution equations.Through the Sadovskii fixed point theorem and the theory of strongly continuous cosine families of operators, we have investigated the sufficient conditions for the controllability of the system considered.At last, an example is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of proposed controllability results.
x, y ∈ H, k 1, . . ., n. A4 B is a continuous operator from Ω to H and the linear operator W : L 2 0 Ω, H → X defined by Wu T 0 S T − s Bu s ds 3.6 has a bounded invertible operator W −1 which takes values in
and Henderson 16 , Liu and Willms 17 , Hernández et al. 18 , Prato and Zabczyk 19 , and m, the function given by Now, we recall some facts about cosine families of operators, seeFattorini 20and Travis and Webb 21 .Definition 2.2. 1 The one-parameter family {C t : t ∈ R} ⊂ L H, H is said to be a strongly continuous cosine family if the following hold: Moreover, for B ⊂ H 2 we denote B k { u k : u ∈ B}, k 1, ..., m.To prove our results, we need the following lemma introduced inHernández etal.18 .Lemma 2.1.A set B ⊂ ℘ is relatively compact in ℘ if and only if the set B k is relatively compact in C t k , t k 1 , H , for every k 0, 1,. . ., m. 2 The corresponding strongly continuous sine family {S t :t ∈ R} ⊂ L H, H is defined by S t x t 0 C s xds, t ∈ R, x ∈ H. 2.6 3 The infinitesimal generator A : H → H of {C t :t ∈ R} is given by .8 Let B N {x ∈ H 2 : x 2 ℘ ≤ N}, for every positive integer N. It is clear that B N is a bounded closed convex set in H 2 for each N. Define an operator π : H 2 → H 2 by S t − t k I k x t k .
The operator π 1 as above is contractive.Let x, y ∈ B N .It follows from assumptions A1 -A4 and H ölder's inequality that E π 1 x t − π 1 y t − s g s, x s dW s − Δx t k z I k x t k z , Δx t k z I k x t k z , t t k , 4.1 to rewrite 4.1 into the abstract form of 1.1 , let H L 2 0, π , A : H → H be an operator by Ax x with domain It is well known that A is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous cosine family {C t : t ∈ R} in H and is given by sin nξ and i 1, 2, . . . is the orthogonal set of eigenvalues of A. The associated sine family {S t : t > 0} is compact and is given by