Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 458047, 7 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/458047

Research Article

The Method of Lyapunov Function and Exponential Stability of Impulsive Delay Systems with Delayed Impulses

Pei Cheng,¹ Feiqi Deng,² and Lianglong Wang¹

¹School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

²Systems Engineering Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received 4 September 2013; Revised 5 November 2013; Accepted 5 November 2013

Academic Editor: Bo Shen

Copyright © 2013 Pei Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

This paper investigates the exponential stability of general impulsive delay systems with delayed impulses. By using the Lyapunov function method, some Lyapunov-based sufficient conditions for exponential stability are derived, which are more convenient to be applied than those Razumikhin-type conditions in the literature. Their applications to linear impulsive systems with time-varying delays are also proposed, and a set of sufficient conditions for exponential stability is provided in terms of matrix inequalities. Meanwhile, two examples are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the results obtained.

1. Introduction

Impulsive dynamical systems have received considerable attention during the recent decades since they provide a natural framework for mathematical modeling of many real- world evolutionary processes where the states undergo abrupt changes at certain instants (see, e.g., [1–4]). On the other hand, time delays often appear in practical systems and may poorly affect the performance of a system. Stability and stabilization of such systems are of both theoretical and practical importance. Therefore, the study of time-delay systems has attracted great attention over the past few years (see, e.g., [5–10]). An area of particular interest has been the stability analysis and stabilization of impulsive delay systems (IDSs), and there is extensive literature on this field (see, e.g., [11–26]). For instance, in [11–14], the robust stability for uncertain impulsive system with time-delay was studied, and the linear matrix inequalities approach to the stability was presented. In [15–26], the Lyapunov function or Lyapunov functional coupled with the Razumikhin techniques was suggested for the exponential stability and asymptotical stability of IDSs.

In the previous works on stability and stabilization of IDSs, the impulses are assumed to take the form of , which indicates that the state “jump” at impulse times is only related to the present state variables (see, e.g., [18–26]). But, in most cases, it is more applicable that the state variables on the impulses are also related to the past states. For example, in the transmission of the impulse information, input delays are often encountered. So, compared with the nondelayed impulses described above, it is much more meaningful to model the impulses as

In fact, there have been several attempts in the literature to study the stability and control problems of a particular class of delayed impulsive systems [27, 28]. For example, Lian et al. [27] investigated the optimal control problem of linear continuous-time systems possessing delayed discrete-time controllers in networked control systems. For nonlinear impulsive systems, Khadra et al. [28] studied the impulsive synchronization problem coupled by linear delayed impulses. By using the Razumikhin techniques, some sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability and exponential stability of general IDS-DI were established in [29–32], and sufficient conditions for exponential stability of impulsive stochastic functional differential systems with delayed impulses were obtained in [33].

In this paper, we will further investigate the stability of IDS-DI. By using the Lyapunov functions, some sufficient conditions ensuring exponential stability of IDS-DI are derived, which are more convenient to be applied than those Razumikhin-type conditions in [31, 32]. Their applications to linear impulsive systems with time-varying delays are also proposed, and a set of sufficient conditions for exponential stability are derived in terms of matrix inequalities.

2. Preliminaries

Let denote the set of real numbers, the set of nonnegative real numbers, the set of positive integers, and the -dimensional real space equipped with the Euclidean norm . Let , and let for all , exists and for all but at most a finite number of points be with the norm , where and denote the right-hand and left-hand limits of function at respectively.

Consider the IDS-DI described by the state equations

where , , , , , and is an open set in . The fixed moments of impulse times satisfy and (as ) and ; , are defined as and for respectively.

Throughout this paper, we assume that , , and , , satisfy the necessary conditions for the global existence and uniqueness of solutions for all (refer to [3, 34, 35]). Then, for any , there exists a unique function satisfying system (2) denoted by , which is continuous on the right-hand side and limitable on the left-hand side. Moreover, we assume that , , and , , which implies that is a solution of (2), which is called the trivial solution.

At the end of this section, let us introduce the following definitions.

Definition 1. A function belongs to class if the following are satisfied.

(i)is continuous on each of the sets , and for each , , , exists.(ii) is locally Lipschitz in , and for all .

Definition 2. Given a function , the upper right-hand Dini derivative of with respect to system (2) is defined by

for .

Definition 3. The trivial solution of system (2) or, simply, system (2) is said to be exponentially stable if there is a pair of positive constants , such that, for any initial data , the solution satisfies

3. Main Results

In this section, we will analyze the exponential stability of system (2) by employing the Lyapunov functions.

Theorem 4. Assume that and there exist constants , , , , , , , , and such that

(i) for all ;(ii) for all , ;(iii) for all and , , ;(iv) for each ;(v), where .

Then, system (2) is exponentially stable, and the convergence rate should not be greater than , where is the unique positive solution of .

Proof. Fix any initial data , and write and simply. Set , . For each , by condition (ii), we have

where .

On the other hand, by condition (iii), we know that, for any , ,

For , integrating inequality (6) from to , we obtain

This implies that

For , by the same method, together with (5) and (8), we have

By induction, we have, for , ,

Thus, for , we get

Let be impulse points in , . In view of condition (iv), we get

where is the first impulsive point before and satisfies . Submitting this into inequality (11), then, for ,

Let . Then, condition (v) implies . Moreover, , and . Hence, has a unique positive solution . Next, we claim that

Obviously,

So we only need to prove (14) for . Suppose not; then there exists a such that

Thus, from (13), (17), and , we see that

which is a contradiction. Therefore, (14) holds.

Then, it follows from (14) and condition (i) that

which implies that

where . This completes the proof.

Remark 5. The parameters and in condition (ii) describe the influence of impulses on the stability of the underlying continuous systems. Conditions (iv) and (v) in Theorem 4 show that the system will be stable if the impulses frequency and amplitude are suitably related to the increase or decrease of the continuous flows.

Remark 6. It is well known that the Razumikhin techniques are very effective in the study of stability problems for ordinary and functional differential systems. However, when we use the Razumikhin techniques, we need to choose an appropriate minimal class of functionals relative to which the derivative of the Lyapunov function or Lyapunov functional is estimated, which is not entirely convenient. In this sense, Theorem 4 is more convenient to be applied than those Razumikhin-type theorems in [31, 32].

Let in system (2); then we have the following IDS (see, e.g., [19–24]):

For system (21), we have the following results by Theorem 4.

Theorem 7. Assume that and there exist constants , , , , , , , and such that

(i) for all ;(ii) for all , ;(iii) for all and , , ;(iv) for each ;(v), where .

Then, system (21) is exponentially stable for any time delay , and the convergence rate should not be greater than , where is the unique positive solution of .

In particular, if one takes for all , then suppose the impulsive instances satisfy

For system (21), Theorem 7 yields the following result.

Theorem 8. Assume that and there exist constants , , , , , , and such that

(i) for all ;(ii) for all , ;(iii) for all and , , ;(iv), where if ; if ; if .

Then, for any , when , system (21) is exponentially stable with impulse time sequences that satisfy ; when , system (21) is exponentially stable with any impulse time sequences; when , system (21) is exponentially stable with impulse time sequences that satisfy .

Proof. We just need to apply Theorem 7 with and .

Remark 9. When , the Lyapunov function may jump up along the state trajectories of system (21) at impulse times . Thus, the impulses may be viewed as disturbances; that is, they potentially destroy the stability of continuous system. In this case, it is required that the impulses do not occur too frequently.

Remark 10. When , the Lyapunov function may jump down along the state trajectories of system (21) at impulse times . Thus, the impulses may be treated as a stabilizing factor; that is, they may be used to stabilize an unstable continuous system. In this case, the impulses must take place frequently enough, and their amplitude must be suitably related to the growth rate of .

Remark 11. When , both the continuous dynamics and the discrete dynamics are stable, so the system can preserve exponential stability regardless of how often or how seldom impulses occur.

4. Applications and Example

Consider the following linear impulsive systems with time-varying delays:

where is the system state vector, , , , and are matrices, and with is the time-varying delay.

Theorem 12. Assume that there exist a matrix and several constants , , , and such that

(i)the following matrix inequalities hold:

(ii);(iii), where .

Then, system (23) is exponentially stable, and the convergence rate should not be greater than , where is the unique positive solution of .

Proof. Let , , and . Then, (24) combined with Schur complement yields

Thus, for , , , using the second equation of (23), we get

In view of (25), for and , , we have

Consequently, the conclusion follows from Theorem 4 immediately, and the proof is complete.

Consider the special case ; from Theorem 7 and using the similar method in the proof of Theorem 12, we can obtain the following results.

Theorem 13. Let , , and . Assume that there exist a matrix and several constants , , , and such that

(i)the following matrix inequalities hold:

(ii), where if ; if ; if .

Then, for any , when , system (23) is exponentially stable with impulse time sequences that satisfy ; when , system (23) is exponentially stable with any impulse time sequences; when , system (23) is exponentially stable with impulse time sequences that satisfy .

Example 14. Consider the following first-order impulsive delayed neural network:

where , , , , , and . , and , , , is a constant. It is easy to see that system without impulses is exponentially stable and the impulses are destabilizing since . Choose ; then we obtain that conditions (i) and (ii) of Theorem 4 hold with , , , and .

For , by simple calculation, we have

which implies that condition (iii) of Theorem 4 holds with and . Note that , so we can take and . Then, by Theorem 4, system (30) is exponentially stable over any impulse time sequences satisfying = .

Remark 15. Since the system without impulses is exponentially stable and the impulses are destabilizing, the existing results in [29, 32] cannot be applied to (30). The Razumikhin-type theorem in [31] is also not convenient to be applied to this system since it is not easy to find an appropriate constant to satisfy the Razumikhin-type condition.

Example 16. Consider system (23) with the following parameters:

and , where denotes the integer function. Let , , , , , , , and . It is easy to verify that

Solving the linear matrix inequalities (24) and (25) in Theorem 12, we obtain the following feasible solution . Then, by Theorem 12, we know the given system is exponentially stable.

Remark 17. In Example 16, the impulses are used to stabilize an unstable system. In this case, the impulses must be frequent enough, and their amplitude must be suitably related to the growth rate of the continuous flow.

5. Conclusions

This paper has studied the exponential stability of impulsive delay systems in which the state variables on the impulses are related to the time delay. By using the Lyapunov function method, some criteria on the exponential stability are established. Moreover, the stability criteria obtained are applied to linear impulsive systems with time-varying delays, and a set of sufficient conditions for exponential stability is provided in terms of matrix inequalities. The obtained results improve and complement some recent works. Two examples have been given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the results obtained.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61273126, 11226247, and 11301004), the Anhui Provincial Nature Science Foundation (1308085QA15, 1308085MA01), the Key Natural Science Foundation (KJ2009A49), the Foundation of Anhui Education Bureau (KJ2012A019), and the 211 Project of Anhui University (32030018 and 33010205).

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