Passive Control of Switched Singular Systems via Output Feedback

An instrumental matrix approach to design output feedback passive controller for switched singular systems is proposed in this paper. The nonlinear inequality condition including Lyapunov inverse matrix and controller gain matrix is decoupled by introducing additional instrumental matrix variable. Combined withmultiple Lyapunov functionmethod, the nonlinear inequality is transformed into linear matrix inequality (LMI). An LMI condition is presented for switched singular system to be stable and passive via static output feedback under designed switching signal. Moreover, the conditions proposed do not require the decomposition of Lyapunov matrix and its inverse matrix or fixing to a special structure. The theoretical results are verified by means of an example. The method introduced in the paper can be effectively extended to a single singular system and normal switched system.


Introduction
The switched singular systems arise from, for instance, power systems, economic systems, and complex networks.As pointed out in [1], when the interrelationships among different industrial sectors are described and the capital and the demand are variable depending on seasons, the dynamic economic systems are modelled as periodically switched singular systems.In some complex hybrid networks, some algebraic constraints have to be considered.The special algebraic constraints that, for example, communication resources are always limited and required to be allocated to different levels of privileged users, are needed in the resource allocation process.Thus, constructing the network model with a set of constraints is reasonable and indispensable.The model can be denoted by a class of singular hybrid systems [2].There has been increasing interest in analysis and synthesis for switched singular systems.The stability issues are discussed for continuous-time switched singular systems [3], discrete-time switched singular systems [4], linear switched singular systems [5,6], nonlinear switched singular systems [7], and time-delay switched singular systems [8], respectively.In [9,10], reachability conditions and admissibility criteria are presented, respectively.Reference [11] studies the initial instantaneous jumps at switching points and a sufficient stability condition is obtained for the switched singular system with both stable and unstable subsystems.At arbitrary switching instant, inconsistent state jump for switched singular systems can be compressed by hybrid impulsive controllers in [12].Filters and observers are designed for switched singular systems in [13,14] and [15], respectively.
It has been shown that passivity is a suitable design approach in power systems [16], neural networks [17], network control [18][19][20], signal processing [21,22], Markovian jumping systems [23][24][25], switched systems [26,27], and singular systems [28,29].In [16], the problem of passive control is considered for uncertain singular time-delay systems, and three types of controllers were designed, namely, state feedback controller, observer-based state feedback controller, and dynamic output feedback controller.Under these controllers, the closed-loop systems are quadratically stable and passive.Contingent failures are possible for a real system, which may cause performance of the system to be degraded and even hazard [30].The work [17] applies passivity-based faulttolerant synchronization control to chaotic neural networks against actuator faults by using the semi-Markov jump model approach.The work [27] investigates the problem of robust reliable passive control for a class of uncertain stochastic switched time-delay systems with actuator failures.Sufficient condition for the stochastic switched time-delay systems to be passive and exponentially stable under switching state feedback controller is derived.The work [29] designs a state feedback controller such that, for all possible actuator failures, the closed-loop singular system is exponentially stable and passive.
Up to now, little attention has been paid to passive control problem for switched singular systems.This motivates us to investigate this problem.Furthermore, considering the operational cost and the reliability of systems and the simplicity of implementation, output feedback is always adopted to stabilize a system.Thus, we study passive control of switched singular systems through output feedback.
In this paper, by introducing instrumental matrix variable, the nonlinear inequality including Lyapunov inverse matrix and controller gain matrix is decoupled, which makes the design of output feedback passive controllers for continuous-time switched singular systems easy.Based on multiple Lyapunov functions and variable substitution techniques, a new and simple sufficient condition is presented in terms of LMI, by solving which static output feedback passive controller can be designed.The novelty of the conditions proposed in this paper lies in the following aspect.Decomposition of Lyapunov matrix and its inverse matrix is not required.Moreover, the Lyapunov inverse matrix is not fixed to a special structure.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows.Problem statement and preliminaries are given in Section 2. Output feedback passive control is studied in Section 3. In Section 4, an example shows the efficiency of main results in the paper.Section 5 concludes this paper.
Let us consider the following static output feedback controller: where   is the controller gain matrix to be designed.Then, the resulting closed-loop system can be described as We are now considering the output feedback passive control problem for system (3).In this paper, we aim to design output feedback passive controller such that system (3) simultaneously satisfies the following two requirements.
(ii) For a give scalar  > 0, the dissipation inequality holds for all trajectories with zero initial condition.In this case, the closed-loop switched singular system (3) is said to be stable and passive with dissipation rate .
To obtain the main results of this paper, the following transformation is introduced.
Since   is full row rank, there exists a nonsingular matrix   such that    −1  = [  0].Using the nonsingular   as a similarity transformation for system (3), the closed-loop system (3) is equivalent to the following system: where

Output Feedback Passive Control
The following theorem provides a sufficient condition under which system (5) Clearly, When  ∈ Ω  , choose Lyapunov function as Premultiplying  −  and postmultiplying  −1  to       =     in (6), respectively, one gets     −1  =  −    .Then, the derivation of Lyapunov function (()) along the closedloop system (5) is Therefore where 0  ] and [   0 0  ], respectively, we obtain where Next, we prove that Φ  < 0 holds.Suppose that (7) holds.Inequality (7) can be rewritten as According to switching signal (8), Φ  < 0 when (15) holds, and by (13), we get that the following inequality holds: Taking the integral on the two sides of ( 16) from 0 to , we obtain To get the result, we introduce where  > 0. Noting the zero initial condition, it can be shown that, for any  > 0, Mathematical Problems in Engineering It follows from (19) that () ≤ 0, and hence is satisfied for any  > 0. The system is passive with dissipation .
Next, we prove the stability of system (5) with () = 0. Following the similar procedures as used above, we have Note that (7) implies     −1  +  −    < 0. Therefore, we have V(()) < 0 when (7) holds.According to Lyapunov theory, system (5) is stable.This completes the proof.Condition (7) in Theorem 1 is not linear matrix inequality, which cannot be solved by MATLAB.The controller gains   are also difficult to be computed from these conditions.In order to solve output feedback passive controller, we induce the following important lemma.

Lemma 2. For any 𝑖, 𝑗 ∈ 𝜒, inequality (7) holds if there exists an instrumental matrix 𝑌
where Proof.Let Λ  = [    0 0 0  ]; then Λ  is full row rank.By setting , the result of Lemma 2 can be evidently derived from the fact that Remark 3. The instrumental matrix variable   is introduced to decouple Lyapunov inverse matrix   and controller gain matrix   , which makes the design of output feedback passive controllers feasible, and, at the same time,   and  −1  do not require decomposition or fixing to a certain structure.
Remark 6.When switched singular system reduces to a single singular system (i.e., no switching), Theorem 4 also holds by setting   = ,   = ,   = , and so forth.This will be illustrated in Corollary 7. When switched singular system reduces to a normal switched system (i.e.,   = ), the method introduced in this paper is also available, and, at the same time, Theorem 4 is rewritten as Corollary 8.

Corollary 7.
If there exist a real number  > 0 and matrices  > 0, , ,  such that where Θ 11 =   +   +  + where and   = [ 1 0], then, the corresponding switched system is stable and passive with dissipation rate  under static output feedback

Example
Consider the switched singular system composed of two subsystems where Choose similarity transformation matrices as Then, we get an equivalent state-space description of the above system: where Choose  12 =  21 = 0.5,  1 = [ The dissipation rate can be obtained: The corresponding switching signal is chosen as (40) Under the switching signal, the response curve of the above system is exhibited in Figure 1, where () = sin  −0.1 .From Figure 1, it is obvious that the resulting closed-loop system is stable.

Conclusion
In this paper, the output feedback passive control problem for a class of switched singular systems is investigated.A novel method is proposed to solve static output feedback passive controllers.Sufficient linear matrix inequality condition is presented by means of introducing instrumental matrix variable   and multiple Lyapunov function technique under designed switching law.An example is given to verify the LMI condition proposed for the resulting closed-loop system to be stable and passive with a lower dissipation rate .Passivity is a suitable design approach in network control.How to extend the results of this paper to network-based control is an interesting problem.This problem deserves a further study and it remains as our future work.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: State response of the corresponding closed-loop system.