THE SPIDER GENUS TRACHEL , 48 ( ARANEAE , CLUBIONIDAE ) IN THE WEST INDIES

As I have trequently done in the past, I am again expressing my deep appreciation or the continued help and encouragement in the pursuit of my studies extended to me by the staff ot the Museum o Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. The National Science Foundation has aided me very materially by awarding me Grants GB801 and GB-5o 3. Other foundations, not specifically mentioned here, have also aided me in my studies and collecting trips in Central America and the West Indies. Dr. J. G. Sheals and Mr. D. J. Clark, British Museum (Natural Histo.ry), have kindly lo.aned me males and females of Trackelas lemoralis Simon from St. Vincent, B. W. I.


5-8
Holotype.The male holotype is from Jamaica, W. I., St. Andrew  Parish, Stony Hill, October 24, t957.The name o the species is an arbitrary combination o letters.
Description.Total length, including the moderately extended chelicerae and spinnerets, 6.x7 mm; excluding the chelicerae and spinnerets, total length is 5.65 ram.Carapace is .66mm long; 2.o4 mm wide opposite second coxae where it is widest; nearly t.7 mm tall opposite second coxae where it is tallest; gradually raised from posterior border to tallest region; not as abruptly raised as in T. bravidus sp.nov.; with a well defined, rather short, median thoracic groove; otherwise typical of males of the genus.Eyes" eight in two rows as usual in the genus.Anterior row gently pro- curved and posterior row moderately recurred, viewed rom above; posterior row occupies nearly the entire width of carapace a.t that level and is wider than anterior row in ratio of nearly 3 to.
Ratio of eyesAME ALE :PME :PLE--nearly7:7:6.5 6.5 (where eyes are oval to any degree the long axis is always used in measurements).AME separated from one another by slightly more than their radius and separated from ALE by a little more than their diameter.PME separated from one another by nearly twice their diameter and separated from PLE by nearly three times their diameter.Lateral eyes separated rom one another by nearly twice the diameter o AME.Clypeus deeply grooved near ventra.I margin; with height nearly equal to six-sevenths of the diameter of AME.Central ocular quadrangle wider behind than in ront in ratio of nearly 3 9; wider behind than long in ratio of nea,rly 6 x7.Chelicerae: robust; geniculate near base; granulose; some- what concave along median surfaces; gently keeled along most of the medial margins; lateral margins gently curved distally from base of moderately developed basal bosses; fang regularly curved; promargin of fang groove with three teeth and retromargin with two teeth; with well developed scopula along promargin of fang groove.Maxil- lae: quite typica.1 of males of the genus in general; with outer distal corners well rounded without a sharp extension such as is seen in T. ecudobus sp.nov.from Trinidad, W. I. with a well developed distal medial scopula.Lip: also quite typical of the genus; longer than wide in ratio of nearly 6 5; nea.rly two-thirds as long as maxillae.Sternum: moderately convex; typically rebordered; longer than wide in ratio of nearly 4 3 with con.spicuous extensions between irst and second and second and third coxae; posterior end bluntly rounded oppo.sitebases of fourth coxae which are separated by nearly one-third of their width; surface finely pitted with a short, stiff hair '.rising from each pit; anterior border trilobed as shown in Figure 6.Legs: 243 in order of length; first leg most robust; no.spines ob- served; cusps fairly numerous on first tibiae, metatarsi but only a few on first tarsi; also only few cusps on second tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi.Palp: essential features shown in Figures 7-8; apparently, the tibial apophysis is reduced to a short, blunt protuberance.Abdomen: in general typical of males in the genus; with a weakly chitinized dorsal scutum covering only the central part of the dorsum and with borders indistinct; the region anterior to the genital groove also weakly chitinized.Color in alcohol: closely similar to that of T. bravidus sp.nov.
Diagnosis.For some time this species was regarded as a variant of T. bravidus sp.nov.but .closecomparison has convinced me that it must be regarded as a new species.The rela,tionships of the eyes; the body size; features of the palp and several other somewhat obscure differences definitely seem to establish it as a separate species.. Records.One male paratype was taken with the holotype but the female remains unknown.
Traehelas domandus sp.nov.Holotype.The male holotype is rom Jamaica, W. I., Portland Parish, Hardwar Gap, Nov. 20, 957.The name of the species is an arbitrary combination of letters.
Description.Total length, measured laterally because of curled body, 6.7 mm; total length, measured dorsally as usual and including somewhat extended chelieerae, 6.5 mm.Carapace nearly 3.58 mm long (somewhat overlapped by a.bdomen) 2.55 mm wide opposite second coxae where it is widest; about x.67 mm tall in cephalic region where it is tallest; with a well defined, short, median thoracic groove; otherwise essentially typical of males of the genus.Eyes: eight in two rows as usual in the genus.Viewed from above, anterior row gently procurved and posterior row moderately recurred and occupies nearly seven-eighths of width of carapace at that level and is wider than anterior row in ratio of nearly 6 5. Ratio of eyes AME :ALE PME PLE 9 o 8 9. AME separated from one another by slightly more than their radius and separated t:rom ALE by a little more than their diameter.PME separated from one another by nearly twice their diameter and separated from PLE by a little less than 2.5 times their diameter.Latera,1 eyes separated from one another by nearly .4times the diameter of AME.Central ocular quadrangle wider behind than in front in ratio of nearly 3 2; wider behind than long in ratio of nearly 5 4-   robust; not definitely geniculate near base as in some other species from this region .suchas T. bravidus sp.nov.; slightly divergent; granulose as usual; lateral margins nearly straight; medial margins without keel and concavity hardly indicated; fang regularly curved; fang groove with three teeeth along promargin and two along retro- margin; with a fa.irly well developed basal boss.Maxillae and Lip: essentially as described for T. bravidus sp.nov.and T. cadulus sp.nov.with minor differences (Fig. 9).Sternum: moderately convex; with fairly typical margins and lateral extensions; longer than wide in ratio of nearly 39 3o; widest between second coxae; terminates in a rounded point between bases of fourth coxae which are separated by nearly one-third of their width; anterior border trilobed as shown in Figure lO.Legs" 1243 in order of length; no true spines observed; numerous but not conspicuous cusps occur on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs one and two.Palp" essential features shown in Figures 11-13; with few slender spines; parts obscurely distinctive; tibial apophysis very short and barely distinguishable.Abdomen" in general typical of males of the genus; with a faintly outlined dorsal scutum covering the major part of the dorsum; the epigastric region anterior to the genital groove faintly chitinized.Color in alcohol: typical of males of the genus; details regarded as unnecessary for description.
Diagnosis.This is another species which seems to.be closely related to T. bicolor Keys.The palpal features, the relationships of the eyes, specific shape of the maxillae and a ew other specific features establish it as a new species.
Record.The female is unknown and there are no male paratypes.

Figures 14-19
Holoty#e.The male holo.type is from Trinidad, W. I., St. Au- gustine, April 5, 1964.The name of the species is an arbitrary combination of letters.
Descri#tlon.Total length, including somewhat extended cheli- cerae, 4.18 ram; excluding the chelicerae, total length is 4 mm.Carapace 2 mm long; 1.34 mm wide opposite second coxae where it is widest; nearly o.66 mm tall in cephalic region where it is tallest; gradtally raised from posterior border to highest part a short distance behind PME; otherwise essentially typical of males of the genus.Eyes: eight in two rows as usual in the genus.Viewed from above, anterior row gently procurved, posterior row moderately recurved.Posterior row occupies nearly nine-tenths of width of carapace at that level, and is wider than anterior row in ratio of nearly 19 xS.
Ratio of eyes AME :_ALE PME PLE nearly II 12 II IO.AME separated from one another and from ALE by nearly their radius.PME separated from one another by nearly their diameter and from PLE by slightly more than 1.5 times their diameter.Laterals separated from one another by nearly 1.5 times the diameter of PLE.Central ocular quadrangle wider behind than in front in ratio of nearly 33 25; wider behind than long in ratio of nearly II IO.Height of clypeus nearly equal to 1.2 times the diameter of .A_ME.Chelicerae: robust; somewhat porrect; parallel; somewhat keeled along medial surfaces; only moderately geniculate near bases; fang regularly curved; fang groove with three teeth along each margin.Maxillae slightly convergent; lateral distal corners extended to a definite pointed termination (Fig. 14, from a paratype) oeherwise essentially typical of males of the genus.Lip: nearly three-fifths as long as maxillae; essentially typical of males of the genus.Sternum" moderately convex; longer than wide in ratio of nearly 23 16; widest between second coxae; the rounded posterior end reaches just to bases of fourth coxae which are separated by nearly one-half their width; surface granulose; lateral extensions between coxae essentially as usual in the genus; anterior border only bilobed (Fig. 15) lateral margins moderately developed.Legs: 12--43 in order of length; no true spines observed; trichobothria quite conspicuous on tarsi, especially the fourth; first tibia, with a row of about eight ventral cusps and first metatarsus with a ventral row of four or five cusps; second tibia and metatarsus with somewhat fewer ventral cusps (observed on a paratype).Palp: there is a well developed retrolateral, distal, tibial apophysis (Fig. 18); other essential features shown in Figures 16-17; when the bulb is removed from the cymbium the embolus is seen to be accompanied by a trans- parent rod or filament closely applied to the embolus and regarded as the conductor; this type of structure has been observed in several species of this genus from Panama where I have collected a rather large number of specimens belonging to this genus.Abdomen: in general quite typical of males of the genus; dorsal scutum quite well outlined and covers the major part of the dorsum; posterior pair of muscle impressions clear but anterior pair very obscure; epigastric region on venter considerably chitinized.Color in alcohol: in general typical of the genus with few minor variations.
Female #aratye.spicuously developed than in the male holotype but essentially as in that sex; teeth along xCang groove as in the holotype.Maxillae: essentially typical o emales o the genus and nearly as in male except that the distal lateral corner is regularly rounded without an exten- sion as in the male.Sternum: essentially as in the holotype; with xCourth coxae separated xCrom one another by nearly our-fiths ot: their width.Legs" 4123 in order oI length; no true spines observed but there are numerous long, slender and somewhat conspicuous spinixCorm bristles; trichobothria have been observed but their number and placement have not been determined; no ventral cusps have been observed.The palpal tarsus bears a small terminal claw and there is a i:airly well developed brush o. hairs on the dorsal sura.ceot: this segment.Abdomen: essentially typical o ernales o the smaller species in this genus; there is no dorsal scutum but the epigastric scutum is well outlined.The epigynum is obscurely distinctive; the small openings appear to be near the anterior border; the.canaliculi are very narrow and intricately inter-coiled and very difficult to trace accurately (Fig. 19); the degree o coiling among the canaliculi varies considerably among the available paratypes.
Diagnosis.This is another species which seems to be closely related to T. bicolor.The eatures o the eyes, the sternum, maxillae, male palp and emale epigynum all quite definitely establish it as a new species.
Records.Several dozens o males and emales were taken between April and April 7, 1964 in Trinidad, W. I., St. Augustine on the campus o the University ot: the W'est Indies where the species appeared to be abundant.Simon.Fig. 20.Left maxilla of male from below.Fig. 21.Lip of male from below. to observe; both patella and tibia are short; both together only a little longer than tarsus; no tibial apophysis observed; no figures drawn because o obscurity o parts.Abdomen: essentially typical o males o the genus in general; with a weakly outlined, narrow dorsal scutum.Color in alcohol: quite typical o the smaller species in this genus.
Female.Total length 4.28 mm.Carapace essentially as in male; median thoracic groove barely discernible.. Eyes" essentially as in male.Other eatures very similar to those o male except or the sexual ea.tures.Epigynum very obscure; with small openings close together and placed at some distance anterior to the genital groove; obscurity precludes significant representation in figures.
Color in alcohol: very similar to that o male.I did not collect members o this species during my visit to St.   Vincent, B. W. I. in October, 966 and, apparently, it has not been reported since it was described by Simon.
Description.Total length, including considerably extended che- licerae, nearly 7.67 mm; total length, excluding the chelicerae, 6.69 mm.Carapace 3.25 mm long; 2.73 mm wide opposite second coxae where it is widest; much elevated in cephalic region where it is nearly 1.54 mm tall; median thoracic groove quite .conspicuouswith several shallow radiating grooves; somewhat swollen laterally at level of PLE; otherwise quite typical o larger males of the genus.Eyes.: eight in two rows as usual in the genus.Viewed from above, anterior row gently procurved and posterior row moderately recurred and occupies slightly more than nine-elevenths o width of carapace at that level and is wider than anterior row in ratio oi: nearly 16 I3.IO (irregularities in outlines quite noticeable)..A_ME separated from one another by nearly three-ourths ot? their diameter and separated rom ALE by nearly 1.5 times their diameter.Height of clypeus nearly equal to diameter o AME.PME separated from one another by slightly less than twice their diameter and separated rom PLE by nearly 2.25 times their diameter.Lateral eyes separ- ated rom one another by 1.5 times the diameter of PLE.Central ocular quadrangle wider behind than in ront in ratio of nearly 16 II; wider behind than long in ratio o 32 23.Chelicerae: robust; with well developed basal boss; surface granulose; moder- ately geniculate near base; lateral margins somewhat swollen distal to boss; without observed keels; ang regularly curved; ang groove with three teeth along promargin and two along retromargin; scopula moderately well developed.Maxillae: typical o males o the genus in general; outer distal corner obtusely rounded (Fig. 23) longer than lip in ratio o nearly 20 13.Lip: typical of the genus in general; longer than wide at base in ratio o nearly 14 II.Sternum: moderately convex; longer than wide in ratio of nearly 77 60; with lateral extensions as usual in the genus; anterior border trilobed and essentially as represented in Figure 24; surt?ace finely granulose and with many short, stiff hairs; posterior end bluntly rounded just opposite bases ot? ourth coxae which are separ- ated by nearly half their width.Leg.s: 1243 in order of length; first legs most robust of the our pairs; no true spines observed; tricho- bothria observed on several segments; with ew spiniform bristles; first leg with several dozen cusps on ventral surfaces of tibia, about half as many on the ventral surface of the metatarsus and only a small number on the tarsus; second legs with a reduced number of cusps on the same segments; third metatarsus with a t?airly well developed ventral distal brush.Palp: essential features shown in Figures 25-26; only tibia and tarsus with significant modifications; tibia with a short, distal, retrolateral apophysis; bulb with a terminal, conical embolus tipped at an angle; spiniform bristles somewhat conspicuous on some segments.Abdomen: broad ovoid; with no indication of a dorsal scutum; with very little chitinization in epigastric region.Color in alcohol: cephalothorax, legs and mouth parts nearly typical ox the genus; abdomen with a brownish gray dorsum with several very narrow, lighter, irregular, transverse lines near posterior end; venter somewhat lighter, yellowish.
Female paratype.Total length, including extended chelicerae, 7.93 mm; total length, excluding the chelicerae, 7 mm.Carapace nearly 3.25 mm long; 2.6 mm wide .oppositesecond eoxae where it is widest; nearly 1.35 mm tall in cephalic region a short distance behind PME where it is tallest; in general, quite typical o. the larger emales in the genus.Eyes" eight in two rows as usual; posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of nearly 5 4 and occupies nearly five-sixths of width o carapace at that level; otherwise essentially as in male.Ratio o. eyes AME ALE PME PLE nearly 7 IO 7 9. AME separated rom one another by slightly less than their diameter and separated rom ALE by nearly 1.3 times their diameter.PME separated rom one another by nearly two diameters and separated rom PLE by nearly 2.5 times their diameter.Lateral eyes separated rom one another by nearly 1.2 times the diameter o ALE.Central ocular quadrangle wider behind than in (ront in ratio o 7 5; about as long as wide in front.Height o clypeus equal to diameter o AME.Chelicerae" robust; more geniculate in ront near base than in male holotype; otherwise essentially as in the holotype.Maxillae, lip and sternum all essentially as in holotype with minor variations.Legs" 4123 in order o length; otherwise essentially as in the holotype.Palpal tarsal claw very small.Abdomen" essentially as in the male holotype except or the epigynum which is obscurely distinctive; spermatheeae and eanali- culi very obscure (Fig. 27) lack of paratypes prevents more careful examination and clearer representation in drawings.Color in alco.hol:cephalothorax, legs and mouth parts essentially typical o emales o the genus with minor variations; abdomen essentially as in male with minor differences; the dorsum is more clearly and inely speckled with minute yellowish dots; the transverse, lighter lines across the posterior part o( the dorsum are clearer than in the male; the renter is yellowish-brown in general; the epigastric region is quite well chitinized.
Diagnosis.This species appears to be closely related to T. amaicensis Gertsch but the male palpal features, the female epigynum, the relationships of the eyes and other less conspicuous features all seem to establish it as a new species.
Record.Shortly be(ore her death Miss Elizabeth Bryant had, apparently, selected the male and (emale treated here for description as a new species.They have been awaiting attention in the collections o the Museum o Comparative Zoology since that time.There are no paratypes o either sex available at the present time.
AME :ALE :PME :PLE--nearly 8:11.5:8.5 ; nearly 1.39 mm wide opposite posterior border o second coxae where it is widest; considerably narrowed opposite palps; nearly 0.95 mm tall shortly behind PME where it is tallest; surface quite granulose; median thoracic groove as usual.Eyes" in general as in male.Ratio ot eyes AME :ALE :PME PLE : nearly IO 12.5 II IO..A_ME separated xCrom one another by nearly three- fiths o their diameter and separated rom ALE by nearly seven-tenths ox their diameter.PME separated rom one another by nearly 1.2 times their diameter and separated trom PLE by slightly less than twice their diameter.Lateral eyes separated rom one another by nearly 1.7 times the diameter o ALE.Central ocular quadrangle wider behind than in xCront in ratio o nearly 7 5; wider behind than long in ratio oI nearly 5 4. Height ot clypeus equal to I.I times the diameter oI AME.Chelicerae: somewhat less con- long