STATUS OF THE GENERA UNGLA AND MALLADA NAVAS * ( NEUROPTERA : CHRYSOPIDAE ) BY

This paper is the. first in a series treating results ot: an examination of Navels material in several museums, and deals with two genera whose status has been problematical. One o these proves to be a striking example o a composite specimen, or "humbug". A recent trend in chrysopid systematics is toward division of the genus Chrysopa, based primarily upon characters of the male genitalia. It appears that despite conservatism in wing and body characters, the genitalic structures exhibit considerable divergence. Furthermore, non-genitalic characters are by no means absent; for example, I estimate that at least 80% of the species of 8uarius can be assigned to that genus .on the basis of these characters, as discussed below. A problem arises rom the plasticity o the genitalic structures. The principal generic criterion is the particular combination oi: tignum, gonosaccus, pseudopenis, or gonapsis present (plus whatever venational and female genitalic characters may be available). Any of these structures a.ppears subject to reduction or loss by species within a taxon, with consequent high probability o erroneous a.ssignment. Until a better understanding of evolutionary trends is achieved and additional characters are ound, a period of nomenclatorial instability is to be expected. In my view, the inconvenience’ and conusion thus inevitably generated is amply justified by the pressing need to subdivide the genus (hrysopa, in which most species reside, into workably small ragments. I am grateful to the following for their kind help" J. Bastero, Colegio del Salvador, Zaragoza; S. Courtoy, Soci4t4 scientifique, Brussels; F. Espafiol, Museo de Zoologla, Barcelona.; W. Gfinther, Berlin Museum; S. Kelner-Pillault, Paris Museum; J. Lawrence, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard; P. E. S. Whalley, British Museum (Natural History). I am .also grateful to the California State University, Fullerton Foundation, or financial assistance.

8uarius is regarded as a distinct genus by H61zel, I97O.Frequently species can be assigned here without reference to genitalic structures, .on the basis of some combination of a series of rather variable characters" short pronotum with arcuate anterior margin, tarsal claws with a v,ery wide notch and small basal expansion, short body and wing setae, coloration often predominately brownish, blackish, o.r yellowish, costal margin often narrow.Usually the zig-zagging of veins comprising pseudomedia not strong, so that 2 or 3 sections of psm consist of crossveins and the apical pseudo- medial veins (apparent crossveins) are strongly inclined (Fig. A).
Basal inner gradate crossvein ends ,on psm in the hind wing as least, in nearly all New World species.Frequently, enough of these characters a.re present to.result in a distinctive habitus, reminiscent of a Pimachrysa or small Nodita.
Ungla was based upon U. annulata Naves, kno.wn from a single specimen, and distinguished by its unusual foreleg.Navels states (translation mine), "The peculiar form of the anterior leg with long and thin tibial spurs and claws, a thing which is not seen in any other genius of chryso,pids; the same with t'he elongate tarsus, is characteristic of this new genus".N. Banks' card file (unpublished) contains a note which succinctly expresses the suspicion long shared by me and others: "leg of a myrmeleontid".The.type specimen indeed proves to be a Suarius argentinus with a. single grotesquely oversized myrmeleontid leg loosely clasped among its own, un- doubtedly acquired during the.final struggle in the killing bottle.
As the genus Ungla was based upon the composite nature, of the unique specimen of the type species, the name must be rejected under the provisions o.f Article of the International Code.Furthermore, Suarius was published earlier and has priority.According to.C. Courtoy (pers.comm.) the number of the "Annales de la Soci& scientifique de Bruxelles" containing the description of Suarius was published either in December  Navels 1919: 301, 1927" 21.New provlsonal synonymy."Alta Graeia, II-918, Brueh, C. lanata v. gracia'na."Male, in the Museum de la Plata, Buenos Aires (seen).Although careful examination of the type was not possible, two females in the Paris Museum identified by Navels, and from the same locality, are '.argentinus.

REDESCRIPTION
Head markings variable.Clypeus often black-bordered; genla,e with dark mark varying fro:m bro.wn dot to black extending rom eye to mandibular articulation and anterior tento.rialpit.A brown X-mark between antennae; anterior o.rks often sepa.rateor absent; posterior portion bord.ersantennal fossae.Red-brown vertex stripes appear continuation of X mark posteriorly, but include hypo.dermalred.Dorsal antennal fo.ssa with transverse punctate red-bro.wnmark; may extend over entire space, .oftenabsent.Scape with lateral brown stripe and dorsal mark, which may be apical spot or wide diffuse stripe which extends partially or entirely to base of scape, or is absent.Pedicel dark-annulate, flagellum pale or light brown.Palpi tan or black, pale at joints.Male genitalia.. Ectoprocts short (Fig.  pseudomedia consisting of erossveins (arro.ws)and inner gradate series ending on a branch of Rs in the forewing, on psm in the hlndwing.Cross- veins in diseal area of wing indicated by dots; overlap of veins forming psm shown by double lines.Male genitalia: B, apex of abdo.men,lateral; G, gonareus and mediuneus, dorsal, gonosaeeus everted; D, same, lateral; E, hypandriun internum.
This species is recognizable by the he'avy wing veins, alternately black and white, conspicuous crossveins beneath stigma, and head markings.The short ectoprocts, without hinge., are unusual, but also occur in S. sq.uamosus (Tjeder) from Africa, S. confraternus (Banks) I913 n. comb.(Chrysopa), from Argentina, and several undescribed species.The type of U. annulata differs slightly from that of S. argentinus in having the stigmas opaque pale yellow (probably an artifact of preservation) and having an irregular longitudinal dark stripe in the dorsal antennal ossa.C. venulosa Navels I918 and C. nervulosa Na.wls 1924 are probably S. argen- tinus; I have not seen the types.
Genus Mallada Naves 1925:24 J,lallada basalis is conspicuously dimorphic sexually, the males having heavy elongate stigmas, and Sc and Rs fused in the hindwing.
These features were noted by Navels, who based his genus Mallada upon the thickening of the stigmas.The type species of Mallada.by original designation, M. stigmatus, is a synonym of M. basalis.The type species of A nisochrysa, A. paradoxa, was also.synonymized with M. basalis by Adams (1959" 25).Anisochrysa is therefore a junior objective synonym of Mallada.
Most species of Mallada can tentatively be assigned by venational characters.The inner gradate series in larger species with numerous veins extends basad parallel to psm, hence does not converge on psm, and the basal inner gradate crossvein does not end on psm, but on a branch of Rs, resulting in a. y-formation.A similar configuration, as shown in Fig. IA, orewing, occurs also in other genera such as Suarius, but is rare in Chrysoperla and Chrysopa, s. str.Psm in Mallada only very infrequently includes a crossvein (the only ex- ample of which I am aware is M. venosell.us(Tjeder 1966, Fig. I643), but commonly includes to 3 crossveins in Suarius.
Mallada, named after the Spanish naturalist, D. Lucas Mallada, is masculine, necessitating changes in many terminations.It con-