TAXONOMY OF UNITED STATES LEUCOCHRYSA ( NEUROPTERA : CHRYSOPIDAE ) * BY

This paper is one of a projected series dealing with the taxonomy and identification of United States Chrysopidae. Both of our species of Leucochrysa prove to range well into the tropics, where the genus is diverse and abundant. Bickley and MacLeod 1956 discuss at length the history and possible validity of Allochrysa. Banks 1903 separated Allochrysa from Leucochrysa on the basis of its having a quadrangular rather than a triangular intramedian cell, despite the fact that L. varia, the type species of the genus, also has a quadrangular cell. This oversight was rectified by NavS,s 1917, who correctly synonymized Allochrysa with Leucochrysa, and erected the genus Nodita for the species with a triangular intranaedian cell, previously placed in Leucochrysa by Banks. Banks followed Nav.s’ usage for tropical species, but inexplicably continued referring all the U. S. species to Allochrysa. Bickley and MacLeod took a non-committal stand, justifying retention of Allochrysa by suggesting that characters might someday be found which show that these genera are distinct. My exanaination of many neotropical species has not turned up any such characters. Banks himself referred the Antillean population of L. insularis to Leucochrysa, and the United States population of the very same species to Allochrysa. There appears to be no basis whatever for the continued recognition of Allochrysa. It may be superfluous to point out that since L. insularis is the type species of both Protochrysopa Kolbe 1888 (by monotypy) and Allochrysa Banks 1903 (L. virginica, by original designation), these genera are synonymous. In the tropics, the genus Nodita merges with Leucochrysao Thus far, the only characters useful for its separation are the venational ones discussed by Banks 1945, which have proved variable and unreliable in many cases, as Banks himself was aware. An example


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Adams--Leucochrysa 93 is Leucochrysa risi Navis, in which many specimens have an intra- median cell resembling that of Nodita; this species could be assigned to either genus equally well.The case of L. negata is comparable (see below).Species of Nodita and Leucochrysa from the United States, however, can be separated with fair reliability by the form of the intramedian cell.
Occasional aberrant specimens of other genera with a quadrangular intramedian cell may mistakenly be referred to Leucochrysa if other characters are not considered.This is exemplified by Al- lochrysa parvula Banks 1903: 143, the unique type of which is Chrysopa lineaticornis Fitch: No data, (Runnymede, Fla., accord- ing to description) male, MCZ 11405, "C.columbiana, det.E. G. MacLeod" (new synonymy).
The genitalia of both sexes of Leucochrysa are fully illustrated here for the first time.In the male, the eighth sternite is more or less distinctly demarked from the ninth; sternites except ninth usu- ally with microtholi.Tignum, gonapsis and gonocristae are absent.
The female genitalia, although tedious to prepare for exanaina- tion, are surprisingly diverse, offering excellent taxonomic char- acters.It is imperative that preparations of critical specimens retain the copulatory bursa with its glands, ducts, and connection to the spermatheca intact.Removal of the spermatheca destroys the as- sociated structures, and should be avoided if at all possible.

Psyche [March
Leucochrysa claveria Naves 1927.Banks 1944:135 (synonymy).Altlaougla the type could not be located in the Navis collection in 1974, the description is sufficiently complete to indicate Banks' action is probably correct.
The specimen proved to be heavily plastered with moth scales, accounting for his incomplete description of the head markings.The printed label "California" dates from the late nineteenth cen- tury (Per Inge Persson, pers. comm.), and perhaps replaced an original handwritten label, now lost, such as "Col" or perhaps even "Cali".As this species is otherwise known only from Colombia, we may presume that the type originated there also.Description.Head (Fig. 4) pale, labrum, clypeus and frons suf- fused with wine red; red genal stripe present; on vertex a dark blackish red V-mark bordering the antennal fossae, jointed pos- teriorly by a pair of slender transverse red marks; membrane of fossae pink or red suffused.Scapes dorsally suffused with blackish red, bearing medial black stripe; pedicel black ringed, short an- terior blackish red, flagellar stripe.Pronotum pale yellow green, anterior corners pink suffused, occasionally with two small brown spots.Abdominal tergites 6 and 7 heavily black-marked.In the forewing, the inner gradate series extends far distally, intersecting all but one to three "intermediates" (branches of Rs extending from Rs to pseudomedia, and appearing almost as crossveins).Costal area broad, tallest cell 4.3 times as tall as wide, marginal fork op- posite outer psm crossvein, 5 times as long as wide.Dark spot surrounding the outer psm crossvein, and 6 or 7 crossveins near the center of the outer gradate series are dark, narrowly brown bordered.Forewing 23.5 mm long.In female, subgenitale (Fig. 1) narrow, bearing a small pit on the inner anterior surface.Copulatory bursa (Fig. 2) small, bursal duct delicate, moderately long, two bursal gland ducts; spermatheca pillbox-shaped, duct short (Fig. 3).This species is easily recognized by the inner gradate series ex- tending far basally, broad wings with long costal and marginal cells, and head markings.Leucochrysa arizonica (Banks)   Figures 5-9, [17][18] Allochrysa arizonica Banks 1906: 98. Holotype: Palmerlee, Ariz., July, male, M.C.Z.No. 11403 (not dissected).Banks 1938: 122; Bickley and MacLeod 1956: 184.
Head, palpi, antennae pale except red marks on gena, vertex, pronotum, mesoprescutum, as in Figure 9. Wings pale, forewing with short red-black marks on middle of several costals, and on anals, pseudocubitals, marginal forks behind pseudocubitus, pseu- domedials, basal radials and branches of Rs.First two medial crossveins wholly red, gradates brown.Membrane suffused with brown at basal inner gradate, and at distal pseudomedial crossvein; no brown spot at base of stigma.Height of tallest c-cells 3.0 times width, 19-20 radials, 11--12 inner gradates, series follows psm basad, proximal inner gradate nearly perpendicular to and ending on psm; 10-11 outer gradates, marginal fork nearest last pseudomedial cross- vein 5.6 times as long as wide; l0 apparent pseudomedial cross- veins, distal crossvein oriented as an extra outer gradate.Hind wing veins pale, dark spot at base of stigma.

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Adams Leucochrysa 97 genitalia in both sexes.Not previously reported from Mexico, it now appears to be a tropical species, Arizona representing the prob- able northern range boundary.L. negata (Navis) 1913" 316 is very similar, but the gonarcus hood is much more developed, extending almost to cover the mediuncus viewed dorsally; apical process of ninth sternite separated by a distinct v-cleft and with larger teeth, pronotum and head more lightly marked.I suspect that when more material is available, it will prove to be a geographic or develop- mental variant of L. arizonica.This species was described from "Guatemala: Amula, Guerrero, 6000 ft, Aug., H. H. Smith."The only Guerrero listed for Guatemala is at 1529'N, 8835'W, at an altitude of less than 2000 ft.It seems probable that L. negata is from Guerrero, Mexico, which is much closer to localities for L. arizonica.
The holotype of L. singularis NavS,s 1913" 316 was collected si- multaneously with that of L. negata; both are identical but for the structure of the intramedian cell, the specimen with a quadrangular cell being named Allochrysa [now Leucochrysa] negata, and the other, with a triangular cell, Leucochrysa [now Nodita] singularis (New synonymy; L. negata has precedence).NavS,s' overlooking the identity of these two species, while describing them one after another, seems quite in character.
Maculation of this species shows geographic as well as individual variation.Specimens from Florida, Alabama, and the Antilles have a red or brbwn V mark on vertex bordering antennal fossae and genae are red marked (L.insularis ocala).In Georgia and Alabama the V mark, if present, is faint.North of Georgia, the vertex marks are absent and genae are brown marked or pale.The mesonotum bears two brown spots on the prescutal-scutal suture on lightly marked specimens; on heavily marked examples ("L.joannisi") nearly the entire pteronotum is brown or black.The holotype of L. insularis has most of the transverse veins in the forewing dark marked.In Florida specimens, the inner gradates are paler, costals pale; dark transverse veins include outer gradates (except apical 3 or 4), ends of proximal r's, 1-3 m, the cubitals, and ends of the anals.
The gradates are often bordered by a dark streak.North of Flor- ida, transverse veins are paler.
Male genitalia.Sterna except ninth with microtholi; apex of ninth sternum slightly notched with a small field of lanceolate gonocristae each side (Fig. 10).Mediuncus with median sclerotized band and hook, confluent with semimembranous lateral lobes, gonosaccus without setae (Fig. 11).Laterally to gonarcus a pair of delicate digitiform membranous sacs (Fig. 10), ventrally a pair of lightly sclerotized lobes connected by a membranous flap (shown with- drawn in Fig. 10).A membranous lobe between gonopore and ninth sternite.
The form of the mediuncus is typical for a Leucochrysa, but the ventral sclerotized lobes are highly distinctive.
The only other species of this genus, Gumilla aspersus Navis 1912: 189, known from a single male specimen from Brazil (Vienna Museum, not seen) is probably the same; Navis' figure of the fore- wing does not differ in any important respect from that of G. long# cornis.Two additional specimens from Brazil, Langsdorf, are in the Berlin Museum.There thus seems little question that the type of G. longicornis is also from Brazil, not Georgia.
instead of pale lateral thoracic markings.