A REVIEW O F THE GENUS MALLADA IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA, WITH A NEW SPECIES (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)

Analysis of the Canadian chrysopid fauna (Garland, 1981) revealed an undescribed species of Mallada ranging into southern Ontario. Accordingly, a draft description and illustrations were transmitted to the senior author. As few of our species have been given modern redescriptions, it is appropriate to review the status of all four known members of this genus from the U.S. and Canada. The taxonomic status of Mallada was discussed by Adams 1975, and a detailed treatment of genitalic morphology given by Principi 1977. The genus is characterized by: left mandible toothed, inner gradate crossvein of forewing ending in a branch of radial sector, not on pseudomedia (Fig. 20); pseudomedia not comprising any crossveins; micropoculae or cuticular glands present on male pronoturn, microtholi absent, tignum and gonapsis present, arcessus normal; ectoprocts and hypovalva (eighth and ninth sternites) without unusual projections, larva trash-carrying and overwintering (Skmkria, 1977). Mallada is primarily an Old World genus, constituting a major part of the chrysopid fauna of Europe, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Although New 1980 does not subdivide the Australian "Chrysopa" into genera, or species groups, it is possible tentatively to assign species on data given; 15 of the 47 species of Chrysopinae fall into Mallada. Tjeder 1966 points out that 19 of the 39 African "chrysopas" (Saurius + Glenochrysa + Chrysoperia + Brinckochrysa + Aperrochrysa + Anisochrysa) are assignable to Anisochrysa (i.e., Mallada), and places 22 additional Old World species in that taxon. Aspock et al. 1980 list 15 European Mallada species (as Anisochrysa). In the New World, there are only 5 known species, M. (Triadochrysa) triangularis Adams 1978 from Mexico, and the other North American species discussed below.

REMARKS.The specific epithet recognized Ellis G. MacLeod, who many years ago collected material of this species, pointed out its existence to the senior author, and generously presented material for study.This species is easily separable from luctuosus and sierra by its lack of black pronotal markings, but is easily confused with perfectus, which differs in having an entirely black labrum, usually fewer and paler costal crossveins, and more prominently brown- bordered venation.It is safest to verify identifications by genitalic dissection.

Psyche
[Vol. 89e new species clearly was the insect which the late Dr. R. C. Smith studied from Manhattan, Kansas (Smith 1922, as Chrysopa cockerelli).His immatures were debris carriers and overwintered as larvae, confirming the generic assignment.Smith found adults in June (CNC), others in August in association with willows; he deserves credit for observing that the "black lines to mouth not connecting, though the labrum is light brown" (Smith op.cit." 1367, including Fig. 163).Consequently, we have a fairly complete descrip- tion of the immature stages of the new species, and it is the only Nearctic representative of Mallada to have been studied in such detail.
On present evidence, the new species occupies the central part of the continent, ranging into Canada in southern Ontario and coming into contact with the more western M. perfectus in Arizona and New Mexico.Mallada perfectus (Banks 1895) Chrysopaperfecta Banks 1895: 516-517.Holotype ?MCZ No. 11914, El Taste, Baja Calif.
Female.Spermatheca with broad-based usually short erect vela.

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REMARKS.This species occurs throughout the Western United States, but is commonest in the Southwest.The short mediuncus and spatulate process of the gonapsis readily distinguish the males from those of M. macleodi, and the females are identifiable by the broad-based erect vela.Some Arizona specimens have the vela nearly as elongate as that of macleodi, but never curved.
DESCRIPTION.This species is structurally and colorationally like M. perfectus, except for the following: pronotum with 2 black spots each surrounded by a patch of cinnamon brown (Fig. 14).Meso- prescutum with 2 black spots.Wings with black spot at base of costal area; forewing with black spot at intersection of 2A2 and 3A.Crossveins darker than in perfectus, and brown-bordering of veins less pronounced.Gonapsis (Fig. 13) with chisel-shaped reduced medial process and reduced bulb.Gonocristae less developed than in perfectus.
REMARKS.This species is readily distinguished by the pronotal and mesonotal markings, and in the male by the simplified structure of the gonapsis.There has been some question as to whether sierra is a distinct species or merely a colorational variety of perfectus.In Shasta County, where these two species are sympatric, sierra appears early in the season, and perfectus somewhat later, pointing to the possibility of some seasonal isolation; in 1981, sierra was relatively common while perfectus was scarce (R. B. Miller, pers.comm.)thus providing some indication of the independence of popu- lation fluctuations in these two taxa.The interaction of these two Psyche [Vol. 89ecies is at present under study by C. A. Tauber (pers.comm.), who reports that they interbreed readily in the laboratory.Despite this, because of the consistence of the colorational and male genitalic differences, plus slightly divergent seasonality, it seems preferable to regard sierra as distinct.