DISTINCTION OF THE " NEOCHRYSIS " GENERA AND DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES ( CHRYSIDIDAE , HYMENOPTERA ) * BY LYtq

The subgenera of Neochrysis comprise 4 distinct groups of species in the Chrysidinae (Chrysididae), which were discussed by Kimsey and Bohart (1980). Subsequent reevaluation of these subgenera indicates that they have sufficiently discrete diagnostic characteristics to justify their elevation to genera, lpsiura is the most divergent group and is being elevated by Bohart (1985). The relationships of these groups to other genera of Chrysidinae are obscure. Although they have been placed in the Euchroeini, based on the widely open marginal cell and long radial sector (Kimsey 1983), no sister group within this tribe is yet apparent and further study is necessary. However, these 4 taxa are closely related to each other, based on the characteristics given in table I, particularly those of the apical external sterna, RS vein and hindfemoral pit. A number of abbreviations have been used, some of which are illustrated in fig. 1" T gastral tergum, S gastral sternum, F flagellomere, MOD midocellus diameter, LID least interocular diameter. In each list of included species an asterisk indicates that the tyle has not been seen. Specimens have been borrowed from the following institutions: cuatxmA--Departmento de Zoologia, Universidad de Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; rAws--Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California at Davis; AsnAxxA--Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan; s.w vot:-Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, New York; TUCUlAN--Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina, and wAsms6xos--Department of Entomology, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Exochrysis Bohart 1966: 141.Type: Chrysispanamensis Cameron 1888:464.Monobasic and orig.desig.Discussion.The most distinctive features of Exochrysis species are the genal fovea, a long slender depression along the ventral side of the genal carina (fig.2), and the shape of the lateral metanotal tooth, which is digitate and protrudes away from the propodeal tooth (fig.4).In addition Exochrysis species have a distinctive basomedial tooth on the propodeum, which is only found in Exochrysis and one species of Pleurochrysis, alfkeni, and have a hindfem- oral pit.All Exochrysis have four apical teeth on T-III.The black spots on S-II are sexually dimorphic, tending to be much smaller and farther apart in females.Exochrysis is the sister group of Ipsiura.Both have a well- developed facial carina that extends up to the midocellus, T-I gen- erally has sharp anterolateral corners and the female S-III is much longer than II.A number of Exochrysis species, including imperfo- rata and leucostigma have a well-developed pronotal carina, although it is not as highly modified and sharp as in Ipsiura.

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T-III with large whitish or transparent basolateral spot 4 3. Sternum II spots about as far apart as wide in females and twice or more as far apart in males panamensis (Cameron) Sternum II spots at least twice as far apart as wide in females, and as far apart in males alabamensis (Mocsb.ry)4. Malar space longer than MOD silvanus Kimsey Malar space equal to or, more usually, shorter than MOD 5. T-III lateral margin between base and tooth strongly convex; S-II spots elongate ovoid in males, and 1.5 times or more as far apart as wide in females lemniscata Kimsey T-III lateral margin between base and tooth concave, straight or only slightly convex basally; S-II spots round in males and less than 1.5 times as far apart as wide 6 6. T-III pits deep and larger than adjacent punctures, except medial pair; pit row wide and exposed; prepit swelling microsculptured between pits spinigera (Spinola) T-III pits small, subequal in size to adjacent punctures, except medial pair; pit row obscured by prepit swelling; prepit swelling polished between punctures leucostigma (Mocshry) Exochrysis iemniscata Kimsey, new species (Fig. 10) Holotype male.Body length 9 mm.Scapal basin with narrow impunctate polished medial stripe and dense fine punctures and silvery pubescence along ocular margin; frontal carina an exaggerated W shape, extending up to and nearly enclosing midocellus; malar space 0.7 MOD long; LID 1.3 times eye width; subantennal distance 1.0 MOD long; F-I length 2.1 times width; F-II l.l times; F-III as long as wide; F-V 0.6 times; pronotum without lateral carina, medially depressed; mesopleural carina with one posterior Fig. 1.Head, front view; eye width (EW), frontal carina (FC), least interocular distance (LID), midocellus diameter (MOD), malar space (MS), subantennal dis- tance (SD).Fig. 2. Head, posterior view.Fig. 3. Head and pronotum, dorsal view.Figs.4-5.Right side of metanotum and propodeum, dorsal view.Figs.6-7.Body with legs removed, lateral view.Fig. 8. Tergum III, dorsal view.Figs.9-13.Sterna II-111 (females) and IV (males).Ex.Exochrysis, lp.Ipsiura, Ne.Neochrysis, and PI.Pleurochrysis.

Psyche
[Vol. 92  and two ventral lobes or teeth; propodeal median tooth about MOD long; R length about two-thirds stigmal length; T-I punc- tures about twice as large as on III, anterior corners sharp knoblike; T-III pit row sunken beneath prepit swelling, pits small and deep; S-II spots oblong and slender, about as far apart as long (fig.10).Body generally blue green with purplish transverse stripes on T-I-III; propodeum purple, except lateral teeth; black on vertex, ante- rior face and medial and sublateral pronotal stripes, medial and sublateral scutal stripes, and scutellum anteromedially; T-II lateral edge transparent; T-III with large transparent basolateral spot.
Female.Same as male, except S-II spots about 1.5 times as far apart as wide.
Holotype male: BRAZIL: Sio Paulo, January 1965, V. N. Alin (rAVIS).Paratype female: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Ibiraci, October   196 l, C. Elias.Discussion.The differences between Exochrysis species are often subtle, involving details on the pronotum and T-III, and the shape of the spots on S-II.E. lemniscata most closely resembles panamen- sis and leucostigma and all three are sympatric throughout much of their distributions.It can be distinguished from these species by the elongate spots on the male S-II and medium-sized, round ones in females (about 1.5 times as far apart as wide), and T-III with a white basolateral spot and small to tiny submedial pits.
Exochrysis silvanus Kimsey, new species (Figs. 2, 4, 11) Holotype male: Body length 9 mm.Scapal basin with narrow impunctate polished stripe, laterally with dense fine punctures and silvery pubescence; frons without transverse carina but with two vertical carinae extending back to midocellus; malar space 0.9 MOD long; LID 0.9 times eye width; subantennal distance 0.7 MOD long; F-I 1.5 times as long as wide; F-II as long as wide; F-III 0.8 times; F-V 0.6 times; pronotum with lateral carina and depressed medially; mesopleuron with three knobs or teeth on posterior ear- ina; metanotum not strongly spiculate, elevated medially; propodeal medial tooth small, MOD long; Rl subequal to stigmal length; T-I punctures about twice the size of those on II and III; T-III lateral margin convex, pit row depressed, sunken beneath prepit swelling, and two large pits located submedially; S-II spots large, ovoid and 1985]
Discussion.This species most closely resembles leucostigma and alabamensis based on the strongly flattened male flagellum, T-Ill with a transparent basolateral spot, the long malar space, and T-Ill with two large submedial pits.It can be distinguished by the indefi- nite transverse facial carina, presence of a pronotal carina, a small medial propodeal tooth, and convex lateral margin of T-Ill.lpsiura Linsenmaier Ipsiura Linsenmaier 1959:74.(4 spp.).Type: Chrysis marginalis Brull6 1846.Orig.desig.
Discussion.Ipsiura is the most distinctive of these four taxa, and is being elevated to genus by Bohart (1985).The pronotal carina is so enlarged that the pronotum almost appears winged in some spe- cies.The gastral sterna are distinctive in both sexes.In males S-IV is large and visible externally; it is two-thirds or more as long as III (fig.12), and is metallic colored.Female S-Ill is much longer than II (fig.13).In males and often females the spots on S-II are large and only narrowly separated (fig.12).Tergum III is also quite diagnos- tic; the pits are shallow and elongate or only indicated by long, vague depressions (fig.7), and there are two to six apical teeth.
See Bohart (1985) for a key to species and descriptions of new species.Discussion.Neochrysis and Pleurochrysis are closely related and may be difficult to separate.Neochrysis lacks a distinct pit row on T-Ill; pits may or may not be present but there is never a depression or prepit swelling, and it does have a hindfemoral pit.The spots on S-II are sexually dimorphic; in males they are large and narrowly separated (as in fig.12), and in females these spots are small, often oblong and widely separated (fig.9).In both genera the female S-Ill is subequal in length to S-II (fig.9) and male S-IV protrudes only as a narrow fringe (fig.10).All Neochrysis species have four apical teeth on T-Ill, except jenseni, with six to eight teeth.
Included Species: argentina (Brthes) 1908 rEw COMa., arizonen- sis Kimsey 1982, bubba Kimsey new species, cameroni (Buysson)   1900, carina (Brull) 1846, confusa (Ducke)   Male F-I and II without fringe; female S-II spots subtriangular and much closer than wide; T-Ill apical teeth short and broad, medial notch as broad or broader than deep paraensis (Ducke) 10.F-I twice or more as long as wide, large species 7-9 mm long.11 F-I 1.5 times as long as wide or less, small species 5-6 mm long 12 11.S-II spots large and teardrop-shaped, much closer together than wide in females; male unknown bubba Kimsey S-II spots small and ovoid, twice as far apart as wide in females, small and slightly ovoid and 5 or more times as far apart as wide in males lecointei (Ducke) 12. From with irregular transverse carina and 2 or more irregular earinae extending from it toward vertex.., argentina (Brthes) Frons without earinae deuteroleuca (Moeshry) Neochrysis bubba Kimsey, new species (Fig. 5) Holotype female.Body length l0 mm.Scapal basin shallow with narrow impunctate and polished medial stripe, laterally with dense small punctures and silver pubescence; no frontal carina; malar space 0.6 MOD long; LID 0.7 times eye width; subantennal distance 0.7 MOD long; F-I 2.4 times as long as wide; F-II 1.1 times; F-III 0.8 times; F-V 0.7 times as long as wide; gena between ocular margin and carina polished and impunctate; mesopleuron rounded ven- trally, carina without posterior teeth or lobes, punctures 0.5-1 puncture diameter apart with tiny punctures between; metanotum evenly rounded; propodeum flat and vertical in lateral view; costal length beyond stigma subequal to stigmal length; S-II spots large and ovoid, barely separated medially; T-I punctures larger than those on scutum and T-II, which are subequal; T-III lateral margin slightly convex, pit row faintly depressed laterally with small deep pits about as large as adjacent punctures, without transparent basolat- eral spot or edge.Body bluish green ventrally becoming bluer later- ally and darker dorsally, blackish dorsomedially. Male.Unknown.
Discussion.The most distinctive feature of bubba is the large spots on S-II, which serves to immediately distinguish this species from the two it most closely resembles, lecointei and montezuma.N. bubba can be distinguished from other Neochrysis species by having no frontal carina, either transverse or vertical; no white spots on T-III, and an evenly rounded metanotum.
Neochrysis tysis Kimsey, new species Holotype female.Body length 7 mm.Scapal basin shallow with narrow impunctate and polished medial stripe, laterally with dense small punctures and silver pubescence; no frontal carina; malar space 0.4 MOD Long; LID 1.1 times eye width; subantennal distance 0.6 MOD long; F-I 1.4 times as long ,as wide; F-II and III 1.1 times; F-IV 0.6 times; gena polished and impunctate for most of area between ocular margin and carina; pronotal anterior face with broad, polished and impunctate stripe, with lateral pronotal carina; dorsum of head and thorax strongly striate, punctures flattened and striatiform; mesopleuron relatively rounded ventrally, carina with- out teeth or lobes, punctures separated by 0.5-1.0puncture diame- ter; metanotum evenly rounded; propodeum flat and vertical in lateral view; R slightly shorter than stigma; S-II spots large and ovoid, barely separated medially; abdominal punctures flattened and oblong; T-III pit row only indicated by faint lateral depression, lateral margin slightly convex basally.Body bluish green, becoming purplish on T-III, T-III with large whitish transparent basolateral spot. Male.Unknown.
Discussion.N. tysis can bc distinguished from other Neochrysis by the impunctatc stripe on the pronotum, striatiform dorsum and lack of a projection on the mctanotum.This species most closely rcscmblcs paraensis based on the shape and coloration of T-Ill, the evenly roundcd mctanotum and the pronotal carina.
Discussion.Pleurochrysis contains a relatively heterogeneous group of species characterized by their lack of derived characteris- tics.The two features diagnostic for Pleurochrysis are the presence of 2 pits on the anterior face of the pronotum (fig.3), and the lack of an anterobasal pit on the hindfemur.Unfortunately, the presence of pronotal pits is not a characteristic unique to Pleurochrysis and rare individuals of Neochrysis may have these pits as well.Pleurochrysis may be paraphyletic but the species it contains are clearly related; further study is needed.
Pleurochrysis species vary in a number of characteristics: The frontal carina is present or absent and may even enclose the mido- Psyche [Vo. 9: cellus in fasciifera and leucophris.The pronotum has an irregular lateral carina in postica and alfkeni but not in the other species.One species, alfkeni, has a medial propodeal tooth, which is particularly well-developed in some individuals.S-IV is generally narrow and fringelike in male Pleurochrysis (as in fig.10), except in cavifrons, bruchL leucophris and uruguayensis, where it is large and usually metallic green as in lpsiura (fig.12).A few species have a metanotal projection.Two characteristics are unique in this genus, but unfor- tunately do not occur in all species.The first is the presence of a small lateral tooth on the pronotum as seen in dorsal view (fig.3).
Second, a number of males have highly modified antennae.The most extreme case can be seen in bruchi where the flagellomeres are strongly flattened and flabellate.Typically, though, the male flagellum is yellowish and somewhat flattened.Finally, there is little sex- ual dimorphism in the spots on sternum II, in most species these spots are round and about as far apart as wide in both sexes.Only one species, bruchi, has six apical teeth on T-Ill, the rest have four.
Key to the Species of Pleurochrysis 1. T-III with six apical teeth, male flagellum unusually flattened T-Ill prepit swelling usually small or absent but never obscur- ing pits, pits large and clearly defined; LID 0.8 times eye width or wider; R 0.9 or more times as long as stigmal length 4. Metanotum with large medial projection imbecilla (Mocsb.ry) Metanotum without medial projection 5 5. Malar space longer than MOD cavifrons (Brull)   Malar space less than or equal to MOD in length 6 6.Scapal basin with polished and impunctate medial stripe as wide or wider than lateral finely punctate area acuta (Brthes) Scapal basin without impunctate medial stripe or stripe much narrower than width of lateral finely punctate area uruguayensis Kimsey, new species 7. Scapal basin with fine transverse cross-ridging 8 $capal basin without cross-ridging 9 8. T-Ill lateral edge concave between lateral tooth and base, male flagellum yellow atacamae Kimsey, new species T-Ill lateral edge slightly to strongly convex, male flagellum brown chilicola (Mocs6ry) far apart as wide, except closer in female simulator 15 14.S-II spots 0.5 or less as far apart as wide, T-III margin between lateral tooth and base strongly convex lynchi (Brthes) S-II spots as far apart as wide or further apart, T-III margin between lateral tooth and base nearly straight or only slightly convex lagopus (Buysson)  15.Face without clearly defined carinae on brow 16 Face with clearly defined transverse, and in simulator, vertical carinae on brow 17 16. Malar space less than 0.5 MOD long and shorter than suban- tennal distance; male flagellum yellowish and broadly flattened, F-II as long as wide; male basitarsus dilated ameghinoi (Brthes) Malar space and subantennal distance equal and both more than 0.5 MOD long; male flagellum reddish brown and cylin- drical, F-II length 1.3 times width; male basitarsus unmodified fasciifera (Bischoff)   17.Transverse frontal carina with 2 carinulae extending back around midocellus, male flagellum cylindrical and blackish simulator Kimsey Transverse frontal carina linear or an inverted C-shape, without carinulae extending back toward midocellus; male flagellum flattened and yellowish 18 18. T-III lateral margin concave, with a basal angle; male LID narrower than eye width sur Kimsey T-III lateral margin straight or somewhat convex, male LID as wide as or wider than eye width ancilla (Buysson) Pleurochrysis atacamae Kimsey, new species (Fig. 1).
Holotype male.Body length 6.5 mm.Scapal basin with dense fine transverse ridges (fig.1), outer two-fifths with dense silvery setae; brow with strong transverse carina; malar space MOD long; least interocular distance 0.8 times eye width; subantennal distance 1.5 MOD long; F-I 2.4 times as long as wide; F-II 1.5 times; F-III and V as long as wide; pronotum rounded, without medial projection; R as long as stigma; S-II spots small and circular, about as far apart as wide; Abdominal segments coarsely punctate, punctures as large as those on thorax and nearly touching; T-II with low impunctate medial welt extending about two-thirds of length; T-III with strong medial carina extending through pit row, pit row only slightly depressed, pits subequal in size to punctures but deeper, apical teeth clustered medially.Head blue, except face greenish blue; thorax purplish blue, abdomen greenish blue; scape, pedicel, F-I and part of F-II blue, rest of flagellum yellowish red except apical segment brown.
Female.Body length 6-7 mm.Same as male, except scapal basin without silvery setae; antenna blackish; F-I 2.2 times as long as wide; F-II length 1.7 times width; F-III 1.4 times as long as wide, and T-V with fine apical ridges.
Discussion.Although very closely related to chilicola, atacamae differes in the strongly convex lateral margin of T-III and the yel- lowish male flagellum.Both species have a finely cross-ridged scapal basin, a characteristic not found in other Pleurochrysis.
Pleurochrysis simulator Kimsey, new species Holotype male.Body length 6 mm.Scapal basin almost com- pletely clothed in silvery setae, somewhat sparser medially; brow withstrong transverse carina; malar space and subantennal distance MOD long; LID equal to eye width; F-I 1.8 times as long as wide; F-II 1.5 times.F-Ill as long as wide; F-V 0.8 times width; pronotum without lateral tooth or carina; metanotum rounded; propodeum slightly projecting basomedially; R two-thirds stigmal length; S-II spots elongate, about as far apart as wide; T-II with irregular medial welt, without translucent edge; T-Ill without basal spot, prepit row swelling slight, pit row slightly sunken, pits large and deep.Body green, with purple on vertex, tegulae, along notauli, T-I and III basally, and II basally and subapically; flagellum only slightly paler than scape.
Discussion.Pleurochrysis fasciifera and simulator are quite close structurally; both have similar facial and antennal dimensions and lack a pronotal tooth or carina and whitish basolateral spot on T-III.P. simulator can be distinguished fromfasciifera by the cylin- drical brown male flagellum, male scapal basin with a broad medial impunctate stripe, and the presence of a strong transverse facial carina in both sexes.This carina in simulator is either single, particularly in females, or a rough, elevated, rectangular structure.In addition, individuals of simulator tend to be greener than those of fasciifera.
Pleurochrysis sur Kimsey, new species Holotype male.Body length 6 mm.Scapal basin narrow, with broad zone of fine dense punctures and dense silvery setae along ocular margins and subtriangular impunctate and polished medial zone; brow protruding with strong transverse carina; malar space 0.6 MOD long; least interocular distance 0.7 times eye width; suban- tennal distance 0.7 MOD long; flagellum somewhat flattened" F-I 1.4 times as long as wide; F-II l.l times; F-III 0.$ times; F-V 0.7 times as long; pronotum without anterolateral tooth or lateral car- ina; metanotum and propodeum evenly rounded; R subequal to stigmal length; S-II spots round, about as far apart as wide; abdom- inal punctures about as large as those on thorax; T-III with large prepit row swelling, lateral margin strongly convex, pit row pits large and deep.Body greenish blue, becoming purplish dorsally and black on middle of metanotum and propodeum, anterior margin of T-II and III and in submedial transverse band on T-II; tarsi yellow- ish; flagellomeres yellow with brown lateral edges; T-III without transparent or whitish lateral rim or basolateral spot.
Female.Body length 6-7 mm.Similar to male except least inter- ocular distance 1.2 times eye width, F-I twice as long as wide, F-II 1.6 times, F-III and V as long as wide, and body green with purplish markings.
Discussion: Most closely resembling ancilla, sur can be distin- guished by the narrower scapal basin in the male, narrower suban- tennal distance and malar space, very deep pit row with very large deep pits, a large prepit swelling, and the lateral margin of T-III concave.This species can be distinguished from other species of Pleurochrysis by the lack of a pronotal, metanotal or medial propodeal tooth, no transverse facial carina and no transparent or whitish edge or spot on T-III.
Pleurochrysis uruguayensis Kimsey, new species (Fig. 3) Holotype male.Body length 5 mm.Scapal basin densely clothed with silver setae; brow without transverse carina; malar space 0.5 MOD long; least interocular distance 0.7 times eye width; suban- tennal distance 0.6 MOD long; F-I 2.3 times as long as wide; F-II slightly longer than wide; F-III as long as wide; F-V 0.8 times width; pronotum with small lateral tooth (fig.3) and no lateral carina; metanotum pointed and strongly projecting medially; R as long as stigma; tarsi yellowish; S-II spots round and slightly less far apart than wide; T-II and III with vague, impunctate medial stripe; T-Ill pit row slightly sunken, no prepit row swelling, pits large and deep.Body bluish green, flagellum blackish.-Female.Body length 5.0-5.5 mm.Same as male except scapal basin with wider polished medial stripe, about one-fifth area, and T-I with fine apical ridges.
Ill pre-pit swelling large usually obscuring pits, LID 0.6 times eye width, R 0.2-0.3times stigmal length alfkeni(Dueke) 9. T-II lateral edge transparent, T-Ill basolateral margin transpar- ent or with large basolateral whitish, amber or transparent spot 10 T-II and III without lateral transparent, amber or whitish spot or edge 13 10.T-Ill pit row obscured by prepit swelling, pits barely visible as small flattened ovals 11 T-Ill pit row broad and well-developed, pits large and round or oval, not obscured by pre-pit swelling 12 11.Malar space less than MOD long, T-III narrow and tapering apically in dorsal view including rim, face without transverse frontal carina postica (Brull) Malar space more than MOD long, T-III broad and rim flared apically in dorsal view, face with traces of transverse frontal carina ypirangensis (Buysson) 12. Face with strong carina enclosing midocellus, metanotum with large medial projection, T-III medial pits subequal to sublateral ones leucophris (Mocs.ry)Face without carina enclosing midocellus, metanotum without large medial projection, T-Ill medial pits much larger than sub- lateral ones charruana (Brthes) 13.Subantennal distance at least 1.4-1.5 MOD long 14 Subantennal distance not more than MOD long; S-II spots as Psyche [Vol. 92