NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF TYRINI FROM AUSTRALIA (COLEOPTERA: PSELAPHIDAE)*

While preparing a paper on the pselaphid genera of Australia, three groups of the Tyrini, subtribe Tyrina, were discovered which could not be placed within the current generic concepts of the Australian fauna. One of these groups appears to be congeneric with Tyrogetus Brow from New Zealand, while the other two represent undescribed genera. With the recognition of these taxa, the major generic components of the Tyrini appear to be described for Australia. All measurements are in millimeters. Slides of cleared and disarticulated specimens were used to determine the patterns of foveation of the genera. Holotypes are placed in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, or in the National Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford.


Psyche
often used in conjunction with other characters to discriminate genera in the Tyrini.However, all other features used to separate tyrine genera are uniform in these species, and, coupled with the identical suite of foveae and quite similar general appearance, it is readily apparent that these five species form a monophyletic group.At this time I prefer to take a conservative course and place the undescribed Tasmanian species in Tyrogetus without division into subgenera or genera, at least until the New Zealand fauna is better known.
1. Fourth segment of maxillary palpi no more that three times as long as wide, basal third abruptly narrowed (Fig. 1 -4) Length 1.68-1.77.Body with moderately dense appressed setae; maxillary palpi with last segment angulate and directed laterally in apical two-thirds, abruptly swollen at point of angulation; eyes with about 15 facets; elytra with discal stria extending past middle; tergite I twice length of 11, I1 as long as IV, 111 three-fourths length of 11, V with narrowly truncate apex, apex slightly indented; protrochanters with stout swollen ventral knob, profemora with flattened carina on inner margin from near base to middle, protibia with small spur at apex.
Females with sternites 11-V medially convex.Measurements of holotype: Maxillary palpi with fourth segment 0.06 wide, 0.16 long; tergite I 0.33 long, I1 0.17 long, 111 0.13 long, IV 0.18 long, V 0.07 long; carina on profemora 0.17 Discussion: This species is quite similar in general appearance to palpalis Broun.In occidentalis tergite I is shorter, flagellomere VII is wider than VI and forms the base of the antennal club, and the last segment of the maxillary palpi is expanded in the apical twothirds.Palpalis has tergite I longer, flagellomere VII is barely wider than VI so the antennal club appears almost two-segmented, and the last segment of the maxillary palpi is expanded in the apical half.
Etymology: The name is derived from the distribution in the western portion of Tasmania.Tyrogetus howardi n. sp.
Males with sternites 111-V barely flattened medially, VI with faint circular impression through entire length.
Discussion: Howardi n. sp. shares with minimus n. sp. the reduced eyes and elongate palpi which are only narrowly enlarged apically.Howardi is larger than minimus, the last tergite of the male is produced into two teeth at the apex, and the aedeagus is deeply emarginate at the apex.(Fig. 9) Length 1.29.Body with sparse short appressed setae; maxillary palpi elongate-pedunculate, last segment with apical half narrowly enlarged, eyes with 6-7 facets; elytra with discal stria not reaching to middle; tergite I twice as long as 11, I1 almost twice as long as 111, I1 and IV subequal, V with strong median carina through apical half of length; metasternum short, strongly tumid between meso-and metacoxae.
Discussion: Quite similar in general appearance to howardi n. sp. by the reduced eyes and narrowly swollen maxillary palpi.Separated by the smaller size, simple apex of the last male tergite, and the broadly protruding apex of the aedeagus.
Etymology: The name was suggested by the small size of this species.

Tyromorphus auricomus Lea is an anomaly in Tyromorphus
Raffray (17 species, Australia and Tasmania).It is somewhat similar in general appearance to the members of Tyromorphus, but differs conspicuously in the form of the maxillary palpi, which are elongate and pedunculate in auricomus (Fig. 10) and are radically different from the short, stout apical segments in Tyromorphus (Fig. 11).It is surprising that Lea placed auricomus in this genus, since the palpal form actually approaches that of GeraZlus Sharp (8 species, Australia and Tasmania), with the fourth palpal segment of Gerallus being more fusiform and only narrowly pedunculate at the base (Fig. 12).The suite of male characters used in discrimination of species of Gerallus and Tyromorphus occur in different areas of the body for each genus.Tasmanityrus possesses only a few simple male characters on the mesotrochanters and mesotibiae, which occur in many other genera, but with the unique feature of having lost either the right or left paramere.The remaining paramere is more developed than in groups with two parameres, and projects to either side.In Gerallus the parameres are free and elongate, while in Tyromorphus they are reduced and symmetrical.Based on the aedeagal characters, the male cuticular modifications, and the palpal form, it is clear that this is a monophyletic group of seven very similar species which is perhaps closest to, but distinct from, Gerallus.
Females are very similar and are associated with males solely on the basis of identical collection data.The genitalia of all males, except for those of hilli n. sp. which have differently modified male mesotrochanters, were extracted to check identification.Two species were collected at several sites, but the data associated with the specimens collected by John Kethley indicate that these species were found in different leaf litters.The following key is based only on male features.Males may be recognized by the modified mesotrochanters, the large apical mesotibial spur, and sternites medially flattened to concave.Also, males tend to have the outer face of the mandibles bearing a more conspicuous medial tooth.
Discussion: The males are easily separated from the other species by the carinate mesotrochanters.Most similar to newtoni n. sp. by the form and development of the right paramere, and the oblique impression on the venter of the apical flagellomere.
Etymology: Named for L. Hill, who collected many pselaphids during the HEC Survey on the Lower Gordon River.
Specimens examined, 115: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, Mt.Field National Park, Lake Dobson Road, 610 m, I-30111-4-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus-Eucalyptus forest, berlese leaf & log  Discussion: The males are most similar to those of hilli by the form and development of the right paramere.Newtoni is easily separated from hilli by spurred mesotrochanters, long spatulate to pedunculate mesotibial spurs, and symmetrical penis apex.
Etymology: Named for A. F. Newton, Jr., who has collected many interesting Pselaphidae in Australia.
(Fig. 18) Length 1.95-2.16.Males with ventral margin of apical flagellomere straight or only slightly curved; mesotrochanters with ventral spine near base, mesotibiae with long curved spur narrowly rounded at apex, spur almost half again as long as first mesotarsomere: aedeagus with apex symmetrical, probable right paramere short, strongly recurved to left.
Discussion: Unique in the simple apical flagellomeres of the male, right paramere strongly recurved, and broad symmetrical apex of the aedeagus.
Etymology: The name is derived from the simple apical flagellomeres.
Length 1.83-2.01.Males with last flagellomere curved ventraHy to point at apex, with oblique ventral impression, impression and flattened adjacent portions of flagellomeres VII-VIII roughened, flagellomere VIII obtusely protruding on ventral margin; mesotrochanters toothed near base, mesotibiae with spatulate apical SPLIT, spur half again as long as first mesotarsomere; aedeagus with symmetrical apex, left paramere developed, short and laterally curved abruptly to acute point at apex.
Measurements of specimen from Rufus Canal: Flagellomere VII 0.09 wide, 0.12 long, VIII 0.10 wide, 0.12 long, IX 0.12 wide, 0 2 6  ; 111-3-1977, J. Kethley, litter  of Nothofagus cunninghami under ground fern, Blechnum sp.There is a specimen labeled as the holotype ("TY") by Lea on a card bearing four specimens (two males, two females) from Waratah, although this designation was not mentioned in the description.This specimen is accepted as the holotype.The male paratype on the card is a specimen of hilli n. sp, as are the paratypes from Waratah in the ANIC.The paratypes from the other type localities (Ulverstone, Mt.Wellington, Hobart) have not been seen.Specimens are present in the collections of: AFN, ANIC, DSC, FMNH, SAMA.Found in southwestern Tasmania.
Discussion: Closest to thayeri n. sp. and orientalis n. sp. by the development of the left paramere.Separated by the spatulate meso-tibia1 spur, protruding ventral apical margin of flagellomere VIII, and narrowed penis apex.
Tasmanityrus orientalis n. sp, (Fig. 20) Length 1.77-1.89.Males with oblique ventral impression on last flagellomere, sharply curved ventrally to point, flagellomere VIII only slightly protruding on ventral apical margin, nearly symmetri-cal; mesotrochanters with long spine near base, mesotibiae with long thick apical spur half again as long as first mesotarsomeres; aedeagus with broad asymmentrical apex, left paramere strongly developed, curved laterally and narrowing to point.
Discussion: Closest to thayeri by the strong development of the left paramere, but easily distinguished by the asymmetrical penis apex and form of the paramere.
Etymology: The name is derived from its collection in northeastern Tasmania.
(Fig. 21) Length 1.95-2.10.Male with apical flagellomere curved abruptly near apex to point, flagellomere VIII with ventral margin barely protruding at apex; mesotrochanters with ventral spine near base, mesotibiae with spatulate apical spur, spur half again as long as first tarsomere; aedeagus with broadly truncate apex, left paramere strongly developed, abruptly enlarged in apical half.
Discussion: Close to septentrionalis and orientalis by the development of the left paramere and the broad penis apex.The broad symmetrical penis apex places thayeri closest to simplicis, but the form of the paramere and curved last flagellomeres easily separates these two species.
Etymology: Named for M. K. Thayer, who has collected many species of Pselaphidae in Australia.
(Fig. 22) Length 1.86.Males with apex of last flagellomere curved ventrally, acute, venter impressed in apical half, penultimate flagellomere with antero-ventral angle at apex projecting; mesotrochanters with ventral spine near base, mesotibiae with long spatulate spur twice as long as first tarsomere; aedeagus with broad asymmetrical apex, left apical margin projecting, right paramere truncate at apex, acutely projecting laterally.
Discussion: The broad asymmetrical penis apex places this species closest to orientalis, with the apex being slightly produced on the left rather than right side.The form of the paramere easily separate the two species, with the paramere of septentrionalis being stouter and much more abruptly angulate at the apex.
Etymology: Named for its collection in extreme northwestern Tasmania.This genus cannot be placed near any of the genera of Tyrini from Australia and New Zealand, or indeed near any of the Ethiopian or Neotropical genera discussed and figured by Jeanne1 (1 959, 1962).The offset insertion of the last segment of the maxillary palpus (Fig. 24), and large narrow apical flagellomeres (Fig. 23) are suggestive of some members of the Ctenistini.However, it lacks any evidence of lateral spines or setaceous projections on the maxillary palpi, and also lacks squamous pubescence except in the vertexal foveae.Chasoke is readily recognizable in the Australian fauna by the form of the maxillary palpi, pronotum with an antebasal transverse sulcus, and the pubescent vertexal foveae adjacent to the eyes.
Type species, Chasoke victoriae, n. gen., n. sp.Gender, masculine.Chasoke n. gen. is characterized by: Antennae with long narrow club of 3 flagellomeres, maxillary palpi pedunculate basally, third and fourth segments bowed medially, large pubescent vertexal foveae adjacent to large eyes, small nude fovea at base of antenna1 tubercle, single gular fovea; pronotum with antebasal transverse sulcus, medial and lateral foveae in sulcus, procoxal foveae present; elytra with two basal foveae, discal stria extending through twothirds of elytral length; median mesosternal fovea forked with forks widely separated at base, lateral mesosternal foveae forked medially and anteriorly, mesocoxal foveae present, single metasternal fovea; tergites I-IV subequal in length, 1-111 with three baso-lateral foveae, posterior lateral foveae quite small on 11-111, IV with two basolateral foveae, V with single lateral fovea, I and I1 with pair of opposing teeth extending over medial baso-lateral foveae at end of basal impression; sternites 11-V with large medio-lateral foveae, III-V with small baso-lateral foveae at margin, I1 with large globular invagination connected to margin by sulcus, I11 with small sulcus extending from margin and curved anteriorly; aedeagus with elongate symmetrical parameres.Females with flagellomeres VII-IX wider and shorter, VII no more than three times as long as wide, VIII only twice as long as wide; abdomen broadly rounded at apex, tergite V slightly tumid medially; knobs of protrochanters and profemora as in males.
Etymology: The generic name is derived from that of the principal collector of the type series, Charles Oke, and the specific name from the state in which the specimens have been collected.I would like to thank the following individuals for the loan of specimens in their care, and the abbreviation for the collections in which specimens are placed follows their affiliation: John F. Lawrence, C.S.I.R.0, Canberra, Australia (ANIC); A. Neboiss, National Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford, Australia (MVMA); S. Endrody-Younga, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa (TMSA); A. F. Newton, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, arranged the loan of material from that institution (FMNH) and from his private collection (AFN); E. G. Matthews, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAMA), assisted by the loan of the holotype and part of the type-series of Tyromorphus auricomus Lea.Some material is retained in the collection of the author (DSC).J. C .Watt and R. C. Craw, D.S.I.R., Auckland, New Zealand, helped greatly by the loan of specimens of Tyrogetuspalpalis Broun and other representatives of the New Zealand Tyrini.J. F. Burger and R. M. Reeves, University of New Hampshire, kindly read the manuscript.
for C. Howard, who collected many pselaphids during the H. E. C. Survey of the Lower Gordon River.Tyrogetus minimus n. sp.