The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 352809, 7 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/352809

Research Article

Joint Power and Multiple Access Control for Wireless Mesh Network with Rose Projection Method

Meiqin Tang,¹ Lili Shang,² Yalin Xin,¹ Xiaohua Liu,¹ and Xinjiang Wei¹

¹School of Mathematics and Statistics Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China

²School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 270072, China

Received 27 February 2014; Accepted 19 March 2014; Published 16 April 2014

Academic Editors: N. Barsoum, V. N. Dieu, P. Vasant, and G.-W. Weber

Copyright © 2014 Meiqin Tang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

This paper investigates the utility maximization problem for the downlink of the multi-interface multichannel wireless mesh network with orthogonal frequency division multiple access. A cross-layer joint power and multiple access control algorithm are proposed. Rosen projection matrix is combined with Solodov projection techniques to build a three-memory gradient Rosen projection method, which is applied to solve this optimization problem. The convergence analysis is given and simulations show that the proposed solution achieves significant throughput compared with existing approaches.

1. Introduction

Both the existing standards and future development trends of broadband wireless communication system make their way forwards to resource allocation policy based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In OFDMA technology, each user’s effective time and frequency resources are orthogonal to each other in radio link, which can avoid the interference between users and the effect produced by multipath attenuation. For the fixed portable applications, wireless channel is slowly changing. The essential difference of OFDMA technology and other multiple access technologies is that OFDMA can realize multiuser diversity in frequency selective fading channel and at the same time take advantage of the time difference in various channels. As an important part of the new generation of internet technology, wireless mesh networks (WMN) have gradually got into the civil commercial development and application stage, providing last few miles connectivity. We consider the resource control algorithm for WMN-based OFDM. Assuming that all users share the same bandwidth, and all channel state information has been collected in the of multilink and all subcarrier wave attenuation channels, as a result, user scheduling and routing selective problem can be solved by way of a joint resolution.

The utility function and economic models have been introduced into networks since the publication of the seminal paper [1] by Kelly et al. in 1998. The utility in the models represents the degree of the user’s satisfaction when it acquires certain amount of the resource and the price is the cost per unit resource which the user must pay for this resource. In [2], column generation with greedy pricing was used to maximize the minimum throughput among all flows, and larger cases are considered which compute nearly optimal solutions. A mathematical programming model and assignment algorithms are developed for minimizing the schedule length in adaptive power and adaptive rate link scheduling in spatial-TDMA wireless networks in [3]. The objective in [4] is to maximize the aggregate utility of traffic flows in a multihop wireless network, and the constraints are imposed both due to self-interference and minimum rate requirements. In [5], resource management and admission control schemes for renewable energy sources in wireless mesh network are proposed. The goal is to maximize the energy sustainability of the network.

In this paper we develop a utility maximization problem of joint power control and multiple access resource allocation in wireless mesh network multicarrier orthogonal frequency division. Dual decomposition is used to decouple problem into power control and the multihop orthogonal frequency division multiple access scheduling in the transport layer and the MAC/PHY layer, which adjusts base cohort arrival rate. On the other hand, scheduling decides the subcarrier link rate and network modulation rate distribution. After transporting layer problem decoupled into speed control problem and the MAC/PHY layer into channel perception and queue scheduling problem, the maximum utility function is given combined with the control station to the other nodes in the output rate. Rosen projection matrix is combined with the Solodov projection techniques, namely, constructing a hyper plane using a point, which separates the current iteration point and the optimal solution of the problem sets. And then the current iteration points in this hyper plane projection, which structures a point list and gets set distance single drop of the optimal solution, thereby establish three-hybrid term memory gradient projection algorithm [6–10]. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is also given in this paper.

2. System Model

In this section, the network architecture and radio propagation model are first given, and then the elaborate network utility maximization model is given. The transmission is assumed in a time slot, the channel state information to maintain effective, but each data flow transmission is arbitrary and independent. Each relay node is equipped with a radio interface to accomplish the same time, send, and receive signals. Therefore, sending and receiving the subcarrier can be simultaneously conducted, and only one subcarrier can transmit data along the specified channel.

The network is considered as a flow set () from the source node to the base station (). Each flow transmits from the source node to the destination node path with rate , where path is the set from the source node to destination node pathway, expressed as . The link capacity vector is expressed as ( is the channel capacity of the link) which is determined by the scheduling scheme. Scheduling scheme is connected by a set of orthogonal frequency division multiple cross-sub-carrier . The node transmit power is expressed as .

The noise on the link is , which can be expressed as

where represents the noise power density and is channel gain which is determined by path loss, disorder, and decay. We think that adaptive rate can allocate a limited set of modulation rate . The corresponding subcarrier in the link transmission rate can be expressed as

The wireless mesh network from a gateway to the source node is composed of nodes. If the distance of adjacent nodes is , each node of the required data flow is . The actual arrival of the maximum data flow is , and assume that the actual data traffic on the link is . We set

which is to ensure the fairness of all node data flow. The network throughput is

Nodes access network in a similar way with the MAC protocol in CSMA/CA. When the destination node receives the ACK packets from the source node, a data transmission is finished. Each node transmitting data power is , , and is the maximum of power. is the path transmission gain, is the path attenuation index, is the data transmission distance, is carrier, and is light speed; channel attenuation can be expressed as

If each node in wireless mesh network can assembly interface, and the network has orthogonal channel available, and the data can only be transmitted in adjacent nodes, each node can detect whether the adjacent nodes send data, then

Each node transmitting data power is , and the power constraint is

if is long-term average arrival rate to the base station set. Definite as all feasible line capacity vector collection, and expresses connection set, where represents link to power capacity.

The utility in the models represents the degree of the user’s satisfaction with service quality and cost in terms of resource consumption, which are continuously differentiable nonlinear functions. The optimization problem is formulated as follows:

s.t.

where is the weighted factor, which can improve the speed and power of fairness and eliminate the dimension. Equation (10) can ensure that the system reaches the objective of the total efficiency; if , then

otherwise,

Equation (11) is the rate constraint. And (12) expresses that if the signal is without the link , the link rate is 0; and (13) expresses the link capacity constraint vector in the feasible region.

3. The Proposed Algorithm-Based Mixing Three-Term Memory Gradient Projection Algorithm

Assume

The original problem

can be translated into

Assume the utility function of variables in the feasible domain of ,

where

is assumed as a nonlinear function:

The index set , indicates the index number, and note that

Starting from point , take the function at the fastest decline in direction as the search direction [10].

First, combine Rosen projection matrix with the Solodov projection techniques to construct a hyper plane, which can separate the current iteration and get the optimal solution of the proposed problem. Secondly, project the current iteration in the hyper plane, which constructs a sequence of points. Then the optimal solution can be obtained as a set distance of single point drop. Thereby establishing the solution of linear or nonlinear constrained optimal problem is converted to three-hybrid term memory gradient projection algorithm.

Assume as the K-T point set of the problem of , which satisfies the condition mentioned:

where ,   is real number.

Lemma 1. If is the non-K-T point of

where meets (4), (5) and meets (6), (7), and (8), then

Lemma 2. If is the non-K-T point of

where meets (3), (4), and (5) and meets (8), (9), and (10), then

Proof. By the definition of and (1), we can get

Based on

then by the definition and (2), we have

Assuming that

is two continuous functions:

we set as nonnegative continuous functions of and as right continuous function of . The detailed steps of the proposed algorithm are as follows.

Step 1. Consider  , , , , , , . Assume

Step 2. Set

If

then go to Step 3; otherwise, set

Step 3. Calculate , , . If

then stop, where is the K-T point of

Otherwise go to Step 4.

Step 4.

where meets (3), (4), and (5) and meets (6), (7), and (8).

Step 5. Set ; if

then if

go to Step 6; otherwise, take

and go to Step 5.

Step 6. Set

If

then calculate , , . If

then stop. is the K-T point of

or else go to Step 7. If

is not established, we set

and then go to Step 6.

Step 7. If

Set

and then go to Step 2.

Lemma 3. If and meets the non K-T point of the

then is the descent direction of

at .

4. Convergence Analysis of the Proposed Algorithm

Set as the optimal solution set of

Suppose is convex: the global convergence results are as follows.

Theorem 4. Located on

is continuously differentiable pseudorandom function, and A is produced by the algorithm (PTMG ) to produce infinite iterative sequence; then

where .

Proof. As we know, sequence is monotonically decreasing. Therefore, is bounded; according to Lemma 1, we can get that is bounded. According to the definition of knowledge, is bounded. So there exists satisfying . Thus, by the Step 7, we can get

That is,

Therefore,

and we get

Actually, if there exists , an infinite subset , so that

we set

Then , so there exists an infinite subset so that

The algorithm shows

so that

Suppose

There are

which is in contradiction with

and thus

Any point of is the K-T point of

Then by the pseudo convexity of the

we can see . decreases monotonically limit exits. Therefore,

and so the proposed problem

is globally convergent.

5. Numerical Examples

In this section, we aim to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We uniformly distribute 200 nodes in a square area of dimensions 1000 m × 1000 m, where each node can select for the transmission across each link. is set to be 100 mW, and the path attenuation parameter is set to 4.

5.1. The Influence of Parameter

We first investigate the effect of on the optimal throughput versus links, and a specified number of links (L) is selected. Figure 1 shows the attained network throughput with and without it, from which we can find that proposed model can get higher throughput than that without it. It is due to the adjustment of the parameter which can improve the system efficiency.

Figure 1: The influence of parameter .

5.2. Fairness of the System

And we will also verify the influence of parameter for the users. We select three users randomly. Figure 2 shows the users’ powers without the fairness parameter, where user 2 is allocated less power while user 3 is allocated more power; and the fairness can be assured with the parameter, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Optimal power without the parameter .

Figure 3: Optimal power with the parameter .

5.3. Performance with Different Methods

We also show the throughput versus links with different methods in Figure 4, which adopt the same parameter of the system. From the figures we can find that the proposed algorithm can get better performance the algorithms solved with gradient method and Quasi-Newton method.

Figure 4: Throughput comparison with different methods.

6. Conclusions

This work proposes to optimize joint power and multiple access control in wireless mesh network. Dual decomposition is used to decouple problem into power control and the multihop orthogonal frequency division multiple access scheduling in the transport layer and the MAC/PHY layer. Rosen projection matrix combined with the Solodov projection techniques is used to solve the proposed algorithm. Simulation studies show that the proposed algorithms are effective to solve the optimization problem and outperform the existing approaches in terms of throughput and the fairness of the users can be assured. The nonconvexity of the resource control problem is our future research work.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Science Foundation of China Grants 61174097 and 61374108 and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2011FM016).

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