Integration of 5G Networks and Internet of Things for Future Smart City

Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, QC, Canada Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland-HES SO Valais, Sierre, Switzerland

e applications of IoT will proliferate in all sorts of devices, contributing to the infrastructure of smart city. ese devices from different city sectors will cover every corner of the society, which calls for city-wide networks with ubiquitous accessibility to retrieve and deliver the produced data. Envisioning this demand, 5G has extended its mission to communicate things more than just people. e resulting 5G IoT contributes to the prosperity of the smart city ecosystem by allowing entities, big or small, to set up IoT services without the need to implement their own network facilities, compared with solutions, e.g., LoRa and SigFox. It is foreseeable plenty of smart city services will be running over 5G, pushing forward the integration of 5G and IoT. is trend, in turn, is going to impose unprecedented challenges on the on-building 5G mobile network and impact the normative work of 5G.
is special issue thus aims at bringing together the state-of-the-art innovations, research activities, and standardization updates related to the integration of 5G networks and IoT, in a bid to help both academic and industrial research communities understand the recent research advances and emerging technologies.
In the paper titled "Practical Aspects for the Integration of 5G Networks and IoT Applications in Smart Cities Environments," the authors investigate a number of practical issues related to 5G-based IoT applications, including the need for small cells, the transmission issues at millimeter wave frequencies, building penetration issues, and the need for distributed antenna systems. To meet the special interest in smart cities environments, this work also presents a brief introduction to pre-5G IoT technologies, such as NB-IoT and LTE-M. e paper titled "Co-Channel Coexistence Analysis between 5G IoT System and Fixed-Satellite Service at 40 GHz" presents a promising way to successfully operate the fifth generation (5G) system with Internet of ings (IoT) in potential mmWave spectrum bands. e authors investigate the intelligent cochannel coexistence between the 5G IoT system and the fixed-satellite service (FSS) system at 40 GHz. e simulation results reveal that interference from the 5G IoT system into the FSS ground stations can be kept below the protection threshold by considering different deployment parameters, such as antenna patterns, height of Earth station (ES), and separation distance. e paper titled "Radar-Assisted UAV Detection and Identification Based on 5G in the Internet of ings" proposes a radar-assisted positioning method for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on 5G millimeter waves. e authors employ high-resolution range profile (HRRP), micro-Doppler characteristics, and the sinusoidal frequency modulation (SFM) parameter optimization method, respectively, to obtain the UAV location in the detection zone, identify the UAVs, extract the number and speed information of the UAV rotor, and separate multiple UAVs. e simulation results show that the proposed radar detection method is well suited for UAV detection and identification and provides a valid GPS-independent method for UAV tracking. e paper titled "Performance Analysis for Downlink MIMO-NOMA in Millimeter Wave Cellular Network with D2D Communications" develops closed-form expressions for the outage probability and ergodic capacity in downlink MIMO-NOMA mmWave cellular network with D2D communications considered. e influencing factors of performance, such as transmission power and antenna number, are analyzed with a conclusion that higher transmission power and more antennas in the base station can decrease the outage probability and enhance the ergodic capacity of NOMA. e paper titled "Dynamic Traffic Prediction with Adaptive Sampling for 5G HetNet IoT Applications" suggests an improved Call Session Control Function (CSCF) scheme, in which the improved CSCF server contains additional modules to facilitate IoT traffic prediction and resource reservation. e authors develop a compressed sensing based linear predictor to catch the traffic patterns. e proposed CSCF scheme can forecast the traffic load with high accuracy but low sampling overhead.
In the paper titled "A Hybrid Predictive Strategy Carried through Simultaneously from Decision Space and Objective Space for Evolutionary Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization," the authors propose a hybrid prediction strategy carried through from both decision space and objective space (DOPS), in order to handle all kinds of optimization problems. e prediction in decision space is based on the center point, and the prediction in objective space is based on CTI. In addition, a kind of memory method is added to handle the problems with periodic changes, and a selfadaptive diversity maintenance method is adopted to compensate for the inaccuracy of the prediction in particularly complex problems. e experimental results show that DOPS is effective in dynamic multiobjective optimization.

Conflicts of Interest
e editors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this special issue.

Bo Rong Shuai Han Michel Kadoch
Xi Chen Antonio Jara